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The urge to do better is natural: Weekly IAS Mains Essay Writing Challenge


Weekly IAS Mains Essay Writing Challenge


Write Essay in not more than 2500 words. (250 marks)

Topic:- The urge to do better is natural.

Weekly Mains Exam 2017 Answer Writing Challenge - Public Administration "MODULE- 68"


Weekly Mains Exam 2017 Answer Writing Challenge- Public Administration


The main idea behind Weekly Answer Writing Challenges is to make your exam preparation more result oriented. For this exam (UPSC Civil Services), just ‘reading’ is not enough. The most advantageous part of this writing exercise is to make your answer visible to everyone, someone may correct you if they find a mistake in your answer plus it must be also supported by our experts , you may see others answers also. It is free and definitely will improve your writing ability and marks in your final examination. Here all topics from syllabus will be covered.

Public Administration- Paper I "Syllabus Topic – Accountability and control : control over administration"

  • 1. Civic governance also requires meticulous attention to local dynamics and financial independence. Discuss

Indian Administration- Paper II "Syllabus Topic – Law and Order Administration : countering insurgency and terrorism "

  • 2. Why Naxal insurgency is not only law and order problem in India ?
     

Great Indian Bustard : Environment for UPSC Exams


Great Indian Bustard : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • The Great Indian Bustard or Indian bustard is a bustard found in India and the adjoining regions of Pakistan.

  • A large bird with a horizontal body and long bare legs, giving it an ostrich like appearance.

  • Their population is on decline due to hunting, poaching, collisions with high tension electric wires, fast moving vehicles and free-ranging dogs in villages, and loss of its habitat, which consists of large expanses of dry grassland and scrub.

  • They also face decline due to alteration as a result of widespread agricultural expansion and mechanized farming, infrastructural development such as irrigation, roads, electric poles, as well as mining and industrialization.

  • They are Listed in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, in the CMS Convention and in Appendix I of CITES, as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List and the National Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016).

  • It has also been identified as one of the species for the recovery programme under the Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.

  • These birds are often found associated in the same habitat as blackbuck.

  • The bird is found in Rajasthan, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat states of India. Desert National Park, near Jaisalmer and coastal grasslands of the Abdasa and Mandvi talukas of Kutch District of Gujarat support some populations.

  • In a bid to develop a conservation plan for the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard, non-governmental organisations and the Rajasthan government have come together to undertake a dog census in the Thar region.

  • In order to protect the endangered Great Indian Bustard, locally known as “Godawan”, the Desert National Park authorities have developed a mobile application to monitor the movements of the avian.

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MOU on Water Cooperation : Environment for UPSC Exams


MOU on Water Cooperation : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • The Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation has been envisaging bilateral cooperation with other countries in water resources development and management.

  • A MOU (Memorandum of understanding) has been signed between India and European Union in the field of water resources.

  • The MoU envisages strengthening the technological, scientific and management capabilities of India and the European Union in the field of water management on the basis of equality, reciprocity and mutual benefit.

  • It provides technical exchange on water issues, including on integrated water resource management plans within river basins and through study visits.

  • The MoU aims to identify key environmental issues and approaches to sustainable development,

  • It envisions a more sustainable management of water resources in India with an objective of tackling the challenges posed by water management in the context of growing population, competing water demands and a changing climate.

  • A Joint Working Group shall be formed to monitor the activities to be carried out in fulfillment of the MoU.

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Living Planet Report-2016 : Environment for UPSC Exams


Living Planet Report-2016 : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • The Living Planet Report is published every two years by the World Wide Fund for Nature since 1998. It is based on the Living Planet Index and ecological footprint calculations.

  • It is the world's leading, science-based analysis on the health of our only planet and the impact of human activity

  • Living Planet Report 2016 identifies India as an ecological black spot where around half of the wildlife lives in the danger of being wiped out.

  • The report says that around 70% of surface water is polluted and 60% of ground water will reach critical stage where it cannot be replenished in the next one decade.

  • It also pointed out that one-fourth of India’s total land is facing desertification and about a third of land is getting degraded primarily because of depleting forest cover.

  • The Living Planet Index showed that 58% overall decline in vertebrate population abundance during1970 to 2012.

  • It also said that global wildlife populations could decline by an average of 67% during 1970 – 2020.

  • It said that the top threats to species are directly linked to human activities, including habitat loss, degradation and overexploitation of wildlife.

  • The report stated that India ranks fifth in terms of bio-capacity—an ecosystem’s capacity to produce resources such as food, fibre and renewable raw materials and absorb carbon dioxide.

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Hangul : Environment for UPSC Exams


Hangul : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • A first-ever satellite telemetry tracking of Hanguls in Kashmir’s Dachigam National Park to study the deer’s behaviour and the reasons behind its falling numbers.

  • The hangul also called as Kashmir stag, is a subspecies of elk native to India. Hangul, or cervus ellaphus hanglu, a sub-specie of the European red deer known to be existing only in Kashmir.

  • It is found in dense riverine forests in the high valleys and mountains of the Kashmir Valley and northern Chamba district in Himachal Pradesh.

  • In Kashmir, it's found in the Dachigam National Park where it receives protection but elsewhere it is more at risk.

  • The only Asiatic survivor of the red deer, Hangul, has been declared (the locally) critically engendered wildlife specie in the Red List of The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) in 1996.

  • It has similar categorisation in the list of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) which has India as a signatory.

  • It has been incorporated in Schedule-1 of both the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 as well as the Jammu and Kashmir Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1978.

  • Hangul, is the state animal of Jammu & Kashmir.

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Seaweed Farming : Environment for UPSC Exams


Seaweed Farming : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • Seaweed farming is the practice of cultivating and harvesting seaweed. In its simplest form, it consists of the management of naturally found batches. In its most advanced form, it consists of fully controlling the life cycle of the algae.

  • Seaweed farming has frequently been developed as an alternative to improve economic conditions and to reduce fishing pressure and over exploited fisheries.

  • Seaweeds have been harvested throughout the world as a food source as well as an export commodity for production of agar and carrageenan products.

  • The emerging seaweed farming industry in the country will get a major boost, with the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) transferring its technology of seaweed cultivation to the Andamans administration.

  • CMFRI provided scientific inputs on methods of seaweed farming suitable to the Islands, as a part of the institute’s initiative for intensifying its consultancy services.

  • A feasibility study conducted in the seawater-inundated areas in South Andamans by a team of CMFRI scientists revealed that these regions are highly prospective for seaweed farming.

  • Technical inputs on monoline culture method of the seaweed were provided to the officials of the Fisheries Department on the island.

  • The use of seaweed as food has been traced back to the fourth century in Japan and the sixth century in China.

  • China is the largest producer of edible seaweeds, harvesting about 5 million wet tonnes. The greater part of this is for kombu, produced from hundreds of hectares of the brown seaweed, Laminaria japonica, that is grown on suspended ropes in the ocean.

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HFC-23 : Environment for UPSC Exams


HFC-23 : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • Taking the lead on tackling climate change, India has said that it will eliminate the use of HFC-23, a greenhouse gas that harms the ozone layer, by 2030.

  • HFC-23, a potent greenhouse gas with global warming potential of 14,800 times more than that of CO2, is a by-product of HCFC-22, which is used in industrial refrigeration.

  • HCFC stands for hydrochloroflurocarbon.

  • As per Delhi-based think tank Centre for Science and Environment, the move will potentially check emissions of HFC-23 equivalent to 100 million tonnes of CO2 over the next 15 years.

  • The new Indian law requires the five Indian firms that produce HCFC-22 to capture and burn HFC-23 and eliminate its release into the atmosphere.

  • The five Indian companies, along with 19 other firms mainly in China, have earlier received funds to set up incinerators under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). During 2007-2013, they destroyed the gas and sold the carbon credits to developed countries. Since the collapse of the global CDM market, the levels of HFC-23 in the atmosphere have increased.

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Social and Cultural Issues based Article : Current General Studies Magazine (April 2017)

Current General Studies Magazine (April 2017)

General Studies - III "Social and Cultural Issues based Article" (Maoist Insurgency)

Commenting on the Maoist issue in the aftermath of the “horrendous killing of 25 CRPF soldiers in Sukma”, the editorial in Organiser notes that “the real challenge is how to fight the ideological and perception war that is going on in Delhi media and academic campuses”, where the “slogans of ‘Kashmir Mange Azadi’ are proudly coupled with ‘Bastar Mange Azadi’”. The Maoists “do not want development, peace and prosperity for the common people”, it says, noting that “almost all the attacks on the security forces took place around the areas where development work is going on in full speed”.

“The brutalities of Maoists are unbelievable, still they take the limelight of being liberationists,” it notes, underlining that “any action against them is immediately retorted to by the allegations of human rights violations”. The editorial claims that “no one is there to talk about the human rights of tribals who do not want to side with Red Terror”, as “even the police machinery” is “under the pressure of so-called human rights activists and organisations”.

These activists are “funded heavily by international networks”, the editorial alleges, urging the “government and people who are concerned with national integration” to come together to “defeat these draconian liberators, who claim to have monopoly over rights and wrongs in Bastar”.

Fake farmers

Taking note of the poor condition of farmers in the country, an article in Panchjanya comments on a recent demonstration of farmers from Tamil Nadu in Delhi. It questions their methods of demonstration when they “offered their blood” to the “effigy of Modi” and wore a garland of human skulls. “From where did they get those skulls? A body is cremated in the Hindu tradition and ashes are immersed in rivers,” it says, asking also, “from where did they get white rats to keep in the mouth as such rats are not seen normally”. “Can any farmer issue a warning of consuming his urine and excreta?” it asks, wondering who “nourished such thoughts?”

This movement, the article argues, was not led by the “Indian farmer”, but was “motivated by politics”. This movement was the result “of a major conspiracy against the government”. It was “exposed on social media” as “evidence” was presented about the “suspicious sources of their funding”, the article claimed. People also questioned the Tamilian leader of this movement as “no Tamilian farmer can eat rat and snake”. “These fake farmers of Tamil Nadu held their movement in Delhi for 41 days,” it says, asking if “the media can tell about their sponsors?”

More surveillance

The cover story in Organiser, ‘Urban Voices of Maoists’, underlines the “need to identify actors who have illicit connections” with the insurgents. “We have been told” that “a huge militia which aspires to overthrow the Indian state with armed rebellion is ‘Gandhi, but with Guns’”. It slams author Arundhati Roy, who “perverted… the whole narrative of Left-Wing Extremism (LWE)… to represent the Maoist guerrillas as Robin Hoods of Indian forests”.

“The last surviving hero of the Naxalbari uprising, Kanu Sanyal, was disillusioned with the course of the movement,” it says, underlining that he “committed suicide” “by hanging himself at his residence”. Claiming that the Maoist movement has taken a criminal turn, the report argues that “an imported ideology from China” “cannot deliver justice to anyone”. It identifies “the urban segment that persistently legitimises, sympathises with, and patronises Maoist violence” as a “huge threat” to the country. “These ideologues can be found everywhere in civil society, right from the media, university campuses, lawyers, human right activists, NGOs, etc.”

Maoist ideology is being groomed by respectable members of civil society in the urban sphere, the article thus argues, emphasising that the Indian state must now ensure proper “surveillance in the urban sphere as well”.

(Source- The Indian Express)

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Antarctic Circumpolar Expedition(ACE) : Environment for UPSC Exams


Antarctic Circumpolar Expedition(ACE) : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • ACE is the first project of the newly-created Swiss Polar Institute (SPI) to "enhance international relations and collaboration between countries, as well as to spark the interest of a new generation of young scientists in polar research.

  • More than 50 researchers from 30 countries are to carry out the first scientific full circumnavigation of Antarctica in an attempt to measure pollution and climate change.

  • Organisers of ACE hope to foster collaboration in a bid to gain a deeper understanding of humankind’s effect on the Southern Ocean.

  • Researchers will work on a number of interrelated fields, from biology to climatology to oceanography, for the future of this continent.

  • Adopted projects include mapping whales, penguins and albatrosses in the Southern Ocean; measuring the effect of plastic pollution on the food chain; and logging the extent of phytoplankton—the base of the food chain—and its role in regulating climate.

  • Scientists will also take ice core samples and study biodiversity on the continent in an attempt to reveal conditions before the onset of the Industrial Revolution,

  • The journey will be divided into three legs, with Hobart in Australia and Punta Arenas in Chile serving as staging posts. Other stop-offs include the Crozet Islands, South Sandwich, South Georgia and the Mertz iceshelf on Antarctica itself.

  • A better understanding of Antarctica is critical, not just for its preservation, but for the whole planet.

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Report on Palaeo Channel : Environment for UPSC Exams


Report on Palaeo Channel : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation minister released a Report on Palaeo Channel of North West India: Review & Assessment by Expert Committee.
  • The committee was headed by Prof. K.S. Valdiya, eminent Geologist.
  • This report is based on the study of the land texture of states of North-West India including- Rajasthan, Haryana and Punjab.
  • It has also taken account of the geological changes that had occurred in the past.
  • The report is an assertion of the assumption that River Saraswati originated from Adibadri in Himalaya to culminate in the Arabian Sea through the Runn of Kutch.
  • This river was once upon a time the lifeline of the north- western states of India and a vibrant series of civilizations from Mahabharat period to Harappa had flourished on the banks of this river.
  • Remnants of once active rivers or streams are described as palaeochannels. It may be presently filled up with loose unconsolidated sediments or be buried under the pile or sheet of the later deposited sediments.
  • Palaeochannels are indeed parts of misfit rivers and streams representing channels abandoned by migrating rivers as they shifted their courses and carve new water courses.
  • Palaeochannels are commonly occurring landforms in alluvial landscapes, and have an economic significance because of their use in the exploration for freshwater resources, artificial recharge and storage of ground water; additionally, they are of importance in the location and assessment of mineral deposits such as uraniferous ores, gold, silver and other placer deposits hosted in them.

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World's Largest Marine Park : Environment for UPSC Exams


World's Largest Marine Park : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • Delegates from 24 countries and the European Union have agreed that the Ross Sea in Antarctica will become the world's largest marine protected area (MPA).
  • Some 1.57m sq km (600,000 sq miles) of the Southern Ocean will gain protection from commercial fishing for 35 years.
  • The Ross Sea, its shelf and slope only comprise 2% of the Southern Ocean but they are home to 38% of the world's Adelie penguins, 30% of the world's Antarctic petrels and around 6% of the world's population of Antarctic minke whales.
  • The Ross Sea is also home to huge numbers of krill, a staple food for species including whales and seals.
  • There will be special zones where fishing from krill and toothfish will be allowed for research purposes.
  • This is the biggest protected area on the land or the sea, this is the first large scale MPA on the high seas.
  • The agreement came at the annual meeting of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR).
  • The agreement will take effect from December 2017 and, for most of the reserve, will last an initial 35 years.

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NEERDHUR : Environment for UPSC Exams


NEERDHUR : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • At CSIR-NEERI (National Environmental Engineering Research Institute), NEERDHUR, a multi fuel improved cookstove has been developed with high overall thermal efficiency, reduced fuel consumption and reduced emissions through design improvements and technological innovations.

  • Its USP is that besides wood it can consume several fuels including coal, cow dung, charcoal, biomass and other agricultural residue. Designed as a hybrid with technology innovations, it uses much less fuel with lower emissions.

  • At present, NEERDHUR cookstoves approved by MNRE on the basis of their performance testing conducted by Improved Cook-stove Test Centers and satisfying stipulated performance parameters.

  • NEERDHUR is certified to meet the newly developed cook-stove emission standards by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS 2013).
  • NEERDHUR shows a thermal efficiency of 33.33% with emission levels as CO: 3.78 g/MJd, TPM: 340.10 mg/MJd at a power output of 1.70KW.
  • NEERDHUR is rated among the best cookstoves in terms of thermal efficiency under the 2KW domestic natural draft biomass stoves

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Kigali Agreement : Environment for UPSC Exams


Kigali Agreement : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • 197 countries party to the Montreal protocol struck a new landmark deal at Kigali in Rwanda to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases, hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs).

  • The elimination of HFCs could reduce global warming by 0.5 degrees by 2100, according to a 2015 study by the Institute for Governance and Sustainable Development.

  • The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol is legally binding and will come into force from January 1, 2019.

  • Under the agreement, developed countries must reduce their use of HFCs by 10 percent by 2019 from 2011-2013 levels, and then by 85 percent by 2036.

  • A second group of developing countries, including China and African nations, are committed to launching the transition in 2024. A reduction of 10 percent compared with 2020-2022 levels should be achieved by 2029, to be extended to 80 percent by 2045.

  • A third group of developing countries, which include India, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq and Arab Gulf states, must begin the process in 2028 and reduce emissions by 10 percent by 2032 from 2024-2026 levels, and then by 85 percent by 2047.

  • India has joined the nations of the world in lauding the Hydroflurocarbon (HFC) Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, agreed to at the 28th Meeting of Parties at Kigali, Rwanda.

  • The Agreement upholds the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR & RC).

  • HFCs were introduced in the 1990s to replace chemicals that had been found to erode the ozone layer, but turned out to be catastrophic for global warming.

  • According to the Berkeley National Laboratory, air conditioning is the cause of the largest growth in HFCs - and the world is likely to have another 700 million air conditioners by 2030.

  • HFCs - though they are greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide - are not dealt with under the Paris Agreement but under the Montreal Protocol.

  • Montreal Protocol, which came into force in 1989, is aimed at reducing the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances in order to protect the earth’s fragile ozone layer.

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Desi GM Alternative : Environment for UPSC Exams


Desi GM Alternative : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • 2 new sets of indigenously developed transgenic ‘events’, in cotton, hold out the promise of alternative suppliers for a technology largely monopolised by multinationals.

  • Scientists at Delhi University’s Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants (CGMCP) have developed two independent ‘events’ for insertion of the cry1Ac gene — isolated from a soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and coding for a protein toxic to Helicoverpa armigera or American bollworm insect pest — into cotton.

  • The levels of cry1Ac protein expression in these events are claimed to be much higher than in the Bt cotton hybrids based on the US life sciences giant Monsanto’s proprietary Bollgard I and II technologies.

  • In Monsanto’s cry1Ac event, also called MON 531, the protein expression drops as the plants matures and sets bolls. Further, it is high in the roots, which serves no purpose as the bollworm pests do not feed on underground plant parts.

  • High protein expression can also address the increasing vulnerability of Bollgard Bt cotton to Pectinophora gossypiella or the pink bollworm.

  • The other promising indigenous GM event is a whitefly-resistant cotton developed by the National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow.

  • A gene called Tma12, encodes a protein toxic to whitefly, an insect pest that sucks sap from the phloem tissues — which carry nutrients from the leaves to other plant parts — resulting in wilting, stunted growth and eventually yield loss.

  • Further, Tma12 protein showed no adverse biochemical changes or effects on kidney, liver and other functions therefore safe of healthy life.

  • Threats of pink bollworm in Gujarat, central Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, and whitefly in Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan can be addressed.

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BS-VI Norms : Environment for UPSC Exams


BS-VI Norms : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • The Central government recently notified that India will leapfrog from the Bharat Stage (BS) IV emission norms that are now in force, to the BS VI norms from 1st April 2020.
  • Introduced in the year 2000, the Bharat norms are emission control standards put in place by the government to keep a check on air pollution.
  • Based on the European regulations (Euro norms), these standards set specifications/limits for the release of air pollutants from equipment using internal combustion engines, including vehicles.
  • Typically, the higher the stage, the more stringent the norms become.
  • While BS IV-compliant fuel currently in use has 50 parts per million (ppm) of sulphur, BS VI stipulates a low 10 ppm. Besides, under BS VI, particulate matter emission for diesel cars and nitrogen oxide levels are expected to be substantially lower than in BS IV.
  • According to Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), In case of cars, the particulate matter (PM) norm will reduce by 82% and nitrogen oxide (NOx) by 68%; PM and NOx emissions from two-wheelers will reduce by 89% and 76%, respectively; and PM and NOx emissions from trucks and buses will drop by 50% and 89%, respectively.
  • The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, through a notification dated September 16, has given the Union Petroleum Ministry four years to make BS-VI fuels available to auto companies.
  • The government had earlier planned to implement BS-V norms from 2020 and BS-VI norms from 2022.

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Carbon Neutral Airport : Environment for UPSC Exams


Carbon Neutral Airport : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • The Indira Gandhi International Airport Delhi here has become Asia-Pacific’s only and one of the world’s few airports to achieve a “carbon neutral” status.
  • Less than 25 airports in the world, most of them Europe, have earned carbon neutral status.
  • Carbon neutrality occurs when the net carbon emissions over an entire year are zero or when the airport absorbs or offsets the same amount of emission that was generated.
  • The airport, managed by private operator Delhi International Airport Ltd (DIAL), boasts green buildings, solar power plants, rainwater harvesting system.
  • The announcement was made by the international body of aerodrome operators across the world, ACI during the Airport Carbon Accreditation certificate presentation ceremony in Montreal, Canada.
  • Terminal 3 of Delhi Airport is a LEED Gold certified green building. The energy efficiency measures implemented in IGIA has been registered in UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) as clean development mechanism project.
  • In Dec 2016, The Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA), Hyderabad  achieved carbon neutral status. The 2nd airport to do so.

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Gangetic Dolphins : Environment for UPSC Exams


Gangetic Dolphins : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • Dolphins are one of the oldest creatures in the world along with some species of turtles, crocodiles and sharks.
  • The Ganges river dolphin was officially discovered in 1801. Ganges river dolphins once lived in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems of Nepal, India, and Bangladesh.
  • But the species is extinct from most of its early distribution ranges.
  • IUCN Status: Endangered.
  • Habitat: Freshwaters only, In Ganga and Brahmaputra River system. The Ganges River dolphin, or susu, inhabits the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna and Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems of Nepal, India, and Bangladesh.
  • They are essentially blind. They hunt by emitting ultrasonic sounds, which bounces off of fish and other prey, enabling them to “see” an image in their mind.
  • The Ganges river dolphin is important because it is a reliable indicator of the health of the entire river ecosystem.
  • The government of India declared it the National Aquatic Animal in 2009.
  • Threats:
    • Dolphins dying as a result of accidentally being caught in fishing nets, also known as bycatch.
    • The Ganges river dolphin is still hunted for meat and oil, which are both used medicinally. The oil is also used to attract catfish in net fishery.
    • Industrial, agricultural, and human pollution is another serious cause of habitat degradation.
    • High levels of pollution can directly kill prey species and dolphins, and completely destroy their habitat.
  • The Centre has launched the first ever across-the-river survey in the Ganga to determine the population of aquatic life, including that of the endangered Gangetic doplhin.

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Prakampana-2016 : Environment for UPSC Exams


Prakampana-2016 : Environment for UPSC Exams


  • The maiden Joint Disaster Management Exercise named Prakampana (‘Cyclone’ in Sanskrit) was inaugurated at Visakhapatnam.
  • It is aimed at synchronising resources and efforts of all agencies involved in disaster management.
  • The three-day long exercise was conducted by the Eastern Naval Command in liaison with concerned Centre and State authorities.
  • A Table Top Exercise (TTX) was also organised at Maritime Warfare Centre, inside Naval Dockyard on a simulated scenario of a super cyclone hitting an urban city similar to Hudhud.
  • Also, a Static Demonstration of Humanitarian and Disaster Relief (HADR) assets of all participating stake holders at HADR Campsite near Samudrika grounds.

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