1. Write short notes on any four of the following, keeping sociological perspectives in view (each short note in about 200 words): 15 × 4 = 60
(a) Reference Group
(b) Manifest and Latent function
(c) Social Fact
(d) Alienation
(e) Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

2. (a) Critically evaluate the main features of Weber’s thesis on religion and economy. 30
(b) Analyse Marx’s notion of religion and explain why he regarded it as an aspect of superstructure. 30

3. What are the major tenets of functionalism? Substantiate your answer with examples from the approaches of Talcott Parsons and Robert K. Merton. 60

4. (a) Explain the concept of Self, according to Mead. 30
(b) Discuss the concept of Anomie. 30

5. Write short notes on any four the following from a sociological perspective (each short note in about 200 words): 15 × 4 = 60
(a) Social Class and Social Status
(b) Social inequality and Social stratification
(c) Social Mobility
(d) Social Action
(e) Suicide

6. “Social inequality is the device by which societies ensure that the most important positions are filled by the most qualified persons.” Critically evaluate. 60

7. (a) Examine the nature and application of Ideal Types with suitable examples. 30
(b) “The ruling ideas of each age have ever been the ideas of its ruling class”. Analyse. 30

8. (a) Define ethnicity and race. Analyse it according to Marxist perspective. 30
(b) Examine the role of bureaucracy as an organizational apparatus of the modern state. 30

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