Subject: Environment and Ecology
Topic: Wind Energy Programme in India

The Wind power programme in India was initiated towards the end of the Sixth Plan, in 1983-84. A market-oriented strategy was adopted from inception, which has led to the successful commercial development of the technology. The broad based National programme includes wind resource assess-ment activities; research and development support; implementation of demonstration projects to create awareness and opening up of new sites; involvement of utilities and industry; development of infrastructure capability and capacity for manufacture, installation, operation and maintenance of wind electric generators; and policy support. The programme aims at catalyzing commercialisation of wind power generation in the country. The Wind Resources Assessment Programme is being implemented through the State Nodal Agencies, Field Research Unit of Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM-FRU) and Center for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET).

Wind in India are influenced by the strong south-west summer monsoon, which starts in May-June, when cool, humid air moves towards the land and the weaker north-east winter monsoon, which starts in October, when cool, dry sir moves towards the ocean. During the period march to August, the winds are uniformly strong over the whole Indian Peninsula, except the eastern peninsular coast. Wind speeds during the period November to march are relatively weak, though higher winds are available during a part of the period on the Tamil Nadu coastline. 

A notable feature of the Indian programme has been the interest among private investors/developers in setting up of commercial wind power projects. The gross potential is 48,561 MW (source C-wet) and a total of about 14,158.00 MW of commercial projects have been established until March 31, 2011.

The break-up of projects implemented in prominent wind potential states (as on March 31, 2011) is as given below

State-wise Wind Power Installed Capacity In India: 

*Recently revised by state Government to 5200 MW

Wind power potential has been assessed assuming 1% of land availability for wind farms requiring @12 ha/MW in sites having wind power density in excess of 200 W/sq.m. at 50 m hub-height

State-Wise Cumulative Wind Generation Data in (BU) (As on 31.01.2011):

Installed Capacity Per State (MW)

Answer of Question 1: C