Syllabus For Civil Service Examination (Preliminary)

Subject : Botany

1. Origin of Life - Basic ideas on origin of earth and origin of life.
2. Biological Evolution - General account of biochemical and biological aspects of evolution Speciation.
3. Cell Biology - Cell structure function of organelles, mitosis, meiosis, significance of meiosis, Differentiation, senescence and death of cells.
4. Tissue Systems - Origin, development structure and function of primary and secondary issues.
5. Genetics - Laws of inheritance, concept of gene and genetic code, Linkage, crossing over, gene mapping, Mutation and polyploiody. Hybrid vigour, Sex detenination, Genetics and plant improvement.
6. Plant Diversity - Structure and function of plant form from evolutionary aspect (viruses to angiosperms, including lichens and fossils)
7. Plant Systematics - Principles of nomenclature, classification and identification, Modern approaches in plant taxonomy.
8. Plant Growth and Development - Dynamics of growth, Growth movements, Growth supstances, Factors of morphogenesis, Mineral nutrition, Water relations, Elementary knowledge of Photosynthesis, Respiratory metabolism, Nitrogen metabolism, nucleic acids and protein synthesis. Enzymes, Secondary metabolites, Isotopes in biological studies.
9. Methods of Reproduction and Seed Biology - Vegetative, asexual and sexual methods of reproduction. Physiology of flowering. Pollination and fertilization. Sexual incompatibility. Development, structure, dormancy and germination of seed.
10. Plant Pathology - Knowledge of diseases of Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane, Potato, Mustard, Groundnut and Cotton Crops. Principles of biological control. Crown gall.
11. Plant and Environment - Biotic components. Ecological adaptation. Type of vegetational zones and forests of India, Deforestation, afforestation, social forestry, Soil erosion, wasteland reclamation. Environmental pollution, bioindicators, Plant introduction.
12. Botany - Human Concern -Importance of conservation, Germplasm,resources, ‘endangered, threatened and endemic taxa. Cell, tissue, organ and protoplast cultures in propagation and enrichment of genetic diversity. Plants as sources of food , fodder, forage, fibers, fatty oils, drugs, wood and timber, paper, rubber, beverages, spices, essential oils and resing, gums, dyes, insecticides, pesticides and ornamentation.

Biomass as a Source of Energy. Biofertilizers, Biotechnology in agri-horticulture, medicine and industry.

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