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Mind Map for UPSC Exam (Climate Deal)
Mind Map for UPSC Exam (Climate Deal)
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Mind Map Important Topics:
Climate Deal
History
- International action against climate change started with earth summit of 1992.
- The UNFCCC is a “Rio Convention”, one of three adopted at the “Rio Earth Summit” in 1992.
- The UNFCCC entered into force on 21 March 1994. Today 195 countries have ratified the Convention are called Parties to the Convention.
- Preventing “dangerous” human interference with the climate system is the ultimate aim of the UNFCCC.
- The Conference of parties (COP) is the supreme decision-making body of the Convention. All States that are Parties to the Convention are also the members of the COP.
Kyoto Protocol
- At the COP in 1997 in kyoto, the Kyoto Protocol was agreed. Agreement commits its Parties by setting internationally binding emission reduction targets.
- Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities."
- The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005.
- It divided countries into three groups of Annex I, Annex II and Annex III.
- Annex have industrialised nations and responsibility for reduction in GHG is with Annex I countries. Roadmap for Kyoto ended at 2012.
COP 21
- It restrict the rise in global temperatures to below 2 degree C of pre-industrial levels.
- Nations submitted their own Nationally determined contributions to UNFCC and it has calculated the total effect on the world.
- Notes with concern that the estimated aggregate GHG emission levels in 2025 and 2030 from INDCs do not fall within least-cost 2 ˚
- much greater emission reduction efforts will be required than those associated with the INDCs
- Urges those Parties whose intended nationally determined contribution contains a time frame up to 2025 to communicate by 2020 a new nationally determined contribution and to do so every five years thereafter
- Decides to convene a facilitative dialogue among Parties in 2018 to take stock of the collective efforts of Parties in relation to progress towards the long-term goal.