CAPF-AC (Assistant Commandant) Exam Study Material : Geography - Natural Resources
CAPF-AC (Assistant Commandant) Exam Study Material : Geography - Natural Resources
Environment & Ecology
Natural Resources
The earth system is highly dynamic, as shown by the continuous variations in climate at time scales of days (diurnal cycle), years (seasonal cycle), decades (El Nino, North Atlantic Oscillation), millennia (glacial-interglacial cycles), and millions to billions of years (evolution of atmosphere, changes in circulation patterns forced by continental drift). Moreover, the earth system is also complex, comprising many interdependent parts, so that any change in one area will have consequences for the rest of the earth system. Biological processes play a particularly important role, and at present, humans may be altering global energy balance and biogeochemical cycles.
- The planet earth, also called the geosphere, consists of air and water vapour, the essential components of the troposphere (the lowest atmospheric layer), water, the essential component of the hydrosphere, and land or soil, the essential component of the lithosphere.
- The biosphere is a global ecosystem composed of living organisms (biota) and the nonliving (abiotic) factors from which they derive energy and nutrients. The physical systems that make up the biosphere are closely interacting systems.