(Online Course) Pub Ad for IAS Mains: Chapter: 9 Personnel Administration - Human Resources Development (Paper -1)

Human Resources Development

The Objective of any organization is to maximize efficiency of organization. If depends on the policies formulated by executive and implemented by personal working in organization. Till the beginning of 20th century, most of the organizations around world did not recognize the importance of people working in organization. They were also treated as one of factors of production and did not emphasize human qualities. People working in organization are human beings and they have to show their skills. creativity in running organization machinery.

Fredric Taylor was the first person to recognize significance of “Human Resources” within the organization. He felt that if his resources are utilized in an optimal manner, then organization can maximize its efficiency. His theory was extended by Human Relations thinkers who expanded the scope of motivation to include socio-psychological aspects. Further, advancements were made in this field by behavioral thinkers who treated individual as center of’ organizational activity. Human Resources development as a concept gained lot of prominence recently with emergence of Information Technology and ability of human beings to work efficiently with computers.

Most of the organization around world are emphasizing on aspect of Human Resources development as growing dissatisfaction levels among employees are leading to high levels of attrition among organizations. Organizations are making every effort to keep employees within organization and also to motivate them sufficiently to achieve its objectives. In initial stages they provided employees with monetary incentives but later on emphasized on better working conditions and improvement of employee employer results.

Human Resource Development is the framework for helping employees develops their organizational and personal skills, knowledge and abilities. It includes employee training, employee carrier development, professional management and development, Decision Planning, keep employee identification and organizations development.

Important features of HRD include

1. Employees in the organizations are human resource;.

2. that there is need to develop their potentialities for their as well as organisation’s benefit

3. the work environment in the organisaiton should be so conductive e to inter-relationships of the workers and management that the workers identify themselves with the objectives of the organization.

4. that it increases pride in the workers as members of he group and image of the organization.

For HRD to be successful, it must

1. find ways to better adjust the individual to his job and the environment

2. the greatest involvement of the employee in various aspects of work

3. The greatest concern for enhancing the capabilities of the individual.

The focus of all aspects of human Resource Development is on developing the most superior work force so that organization and individual employees can accomplish their work goals. Human Resource Development includes the areas of training and development, career development and organization development. Goal of Human Resource Development is to improve performance of organization by maximizing the efficiency and performance its personnel. As, a first step, in process of Human Resource Development, the organization should assess the needs of the people need assessment and proper planning will lead to several possible ways to improve performance. The next step is programme design, development and evaluation under this the organization has to formulate the programmes in such a manner that they would satisfy the needs ,of -individuals and at same time fulfill the objectives of the organization. Next important step is training and development of organization personnel. Personnel working in the organization should he given proper training to acquire new skills to develop knowledge and to change their behavior that can maximize their performance. Next step, in Human Resource Development is organizational development. Organizational development activities include change management, team building quality of work life, Management By Objectives, strategic planning, participative management organization restructuring, job redesign, job enrichment, changes in organization reward structures Centralization Vs decentralization, executive development, process consultation and action research.

Other component of Human Resource Development (HRD) is career development; it includes changes in organization which results in empowerment of employees. Last step in process of HRD is organization research and program evaluation. Here the policies of organization will be evaluated from time to time for their success or failure. This helped the organization in keeping track of’ changing circumstances and react in proactive manner.

Before the World War I, the orthodox civil service system did make a significant contribution both to the administrative improvement and to the national development, particularly economic development of the West European countries. It significantly facilitated their spectacular economic growth after the World-War II. The existence of a civil service, which was competent; and politically neutral, went far in helping to bring about the comparatively smooth recovery. Manpower planning should from part of the development planning of country. Regarding the qualitative aspects of Public Administration efforts should he made to increase the availability of qualified person, recruit qualified persons or public service, improve the capability of’ the civil servants through training and motivate government employees through adequate pay scales, conditions of service and career development and so on.

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