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(Online Course) Pub Ad for IAS Mains: Chapter: 5 (Plans and Priorities) - 5 Year Plans in a Nutshell (Paper -2)

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Paper - 2
Chapter: 5 (Plans and Priorities)

5 Year Plans in a Nutshell

First Five Year Plan (1951-55)

Total budget: 206.8 billion (INR) or USD$23.6 billion.

Objectives

the standard of living
Community and agriculture development
Energy and irrigation
Communications and transport
Industry
Land rehabilitation
Social services
Target of GDP growth 2.1 per year
Achieved had been 3.6% per yeas

Achievements

GDP 3.6% per year
Evolution of good irrigation system
improvement in roads
civil aviation
railways
Telegraphs
posts
manufacture of fertilizers
electrical equipment

Disadvantages

development of only a few industries
private industry had not developed

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Second Five Year Plan (1956-1961)

Objectives

To increase by 25% the national income
To make the country more industrialized
To increase employment opportunities so that every citizen gets a job

Development of

Mining and industry
Community and agriculture development
Power and irrigation
Social services
Communications and transport
Miscellaneous

Achievements

5 steel plants
a hydro-electric power project
production of coal increased
more railway lines
Land reform measures
improved the living standards of the people
The large enterprises in seventeen industries were nationalized

Disadvantages

eliminate the importation of consumer goods
high tariffs
Low quotas or banning some items altogether
License were required for starting new companies
This is when India got its License Raj, the bureaucratic control over the economy
When a business was losing money the Government would prevent them from shutting down

Third Five Year Plan (1961-1966)

Objectives

More stress to agriculture
Subsidies
Sufficient help
Effective use of country’s resources
To increase the national income by 5% per year
To increase the production of agriculture so that the nation is self-sufficient in food ggrains
To provide employment opportunities for every citizen of the country
To establish equality among all the people of the country

Achievements

Decentralization
Organizations formed
Panchayat
Zila Parishads

Laid emphasis on
Oil conservation
Irrigation
Afforestation
Dry farming
Many fertilizer and cement plants were built
Green Revolution

Problems faced Sino Indian War, India witnessed increase in price of products.
The resulting inflation

4th Five Year Plan (1969 to 1974)

Objectives

to reform and restructure govts expenditure agenda( defense became one major expense)
to facilitated growth in exports
to alter the socio economic structure of the society

Achievements

Great advancement has been made with regard to India’s national income
considered as one of the ex
served as a stepping stone for the economic growth
Food grains production increased

Problems

A gap was created between the people of the rural areas and those of the urban areas.\
Due to recession, famine and drought, India did not pay much heed to long term goals

Fifth Five Year Plan 1974 to 1979

Objectives

To reduce social, regional, and economic disparities
To enhance agricultural productivity
To check rural and urban unemployment
To encourage self-employment
Production support policies in the cottage industry sector
To develop labor intensive technological improvements

Problems

The international economy was in a trouble
Food, oil, and fertilizers where prices sky-rocketed
Several inflationary pressures

Achievements

Food grain production was above 118 million tons due to the improvement of infrastructures facilities
Bombay High had shot up the commercial production of oil in India

Problems faced

The world economy was in a troublesome state
This had a negative impact on the Indian economy
Prices in the energy and food sector skyrocketed and as a consequence inflation became inevitable

Sixth Five Year Plan 1980 to 1985

Objectives

To improve productivity level
To initiate modernization for achieving economic and technologies self-reliance
To control poverty and unemployment
To develop indigenous energy sources and efficient energy usage
To promote improved quality of life of the citizens
To introduce Minimum Needs Program for the poor
To initiate Family Planning

ACHIEVEMENTS

Speedy industries development
Emphasis on the information technology sector
Self sufficiency in food
Science and technology also made a significant advance
Several successful programs on improvement of public health government in the Indian health care sector
Government investments in the Indian health care sector

Problems faced

During this time the Prime Minister was Rajiv Gandhi and hence industries development was the emphasis of this plan some opposed it specially the communist groups, this slowed down the pace of progress.

Seventh Five Year Plan 1985 to 1989

Objectives

Anti-poverty program
Improved facilities for education to girls
The government undertook to increase productivity of
Oilseeds, Fruits, Vegetables
Pulses, cereals, Fish
Egg, Meat, milk.
Communications
Emergence of informatics, and hooking up of telecommunications with computers
Transport
inland waterways, product pipelines, civil aviation, coastal shipping

Achievements

Social Justice
Removal of oppression of the week
Using modern technology
Agricultural development
Anti-poverty programs
Full supply of food, clothing, and shelter
Increasing productivity of small and large scale farmers
Making India an Independent Economy

Problems

1989-91 was a period of political instability in India five year plan was implemented
In 1991, India faced a crisis in foreign exchange (Forex) reserves

Eighth Five Year Plan 1992 to 1997

Objectives

Prioritize the specific sectors which requires immediate investment
To generate full scale employment
Promote social welfare measures like improved healthcare, sanitation, communication and provision for extensive education facilities at all levels
To check the increasing population growth by creating mass awareness programs
To encourage growth and diversification of agriculture
To strengthen the infrastructural facilities
To place greater emphasis on role of private initiative in the development of the industrial sector

Achievements

Rise in the employment level Poverty reduction Self-reliance on domestic resources
Self-sufficiency in agricultural production
GDP Growth Per Annum 5.6

Ninth Five Year Plan 1997 to 2002

Objectives

to prioritize rural development
to generate adequate employment opportunities
to stabilize the prices
to ensure food and nutritional security
to provide for the basic infrastructural facilities like education for all, safe drinking water, primary health care, transport, energy
to check the growing population increase
to encourage social issues like women empowerment
to create a liberal market for increase in private investments

Achievements

A combined effort of public, private, and all levels of government
ensured the growth of India’s economy.
Service sector showed fast growth rate

Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007)

Objectives

To transform the country into the fastest growing economy of the world
targets an annual economic growth of 10%
Human and social development
The social net
Industry and services:
Industry, Minerals, Energy, Information technology, Tourism, Real estate, Construction, Internal trade
Forests and environment
Science and technology
Special area programs
Schooling to be Compulsory for Children.