(IGP) GS Paper 1 - History of India & Indian National Movement - "Gupta & Post-Gupta Period - Society, Economy & Polity"

Subject -  History of India & Indian National Movement
Chapter : Gupta & Post-Gupta Period: Society, Economy & Polity

Taxes in Gupta Period

• Sulka - Customs & tolls

• Sadbhaga - Land revenue (Ref. Kautilya)

• Bhaga - Royal share of produce 1/6 of the total, first reference in Arthashastra

• Bhoga - Periodica l supplies of fruit, flowers, firewood etc. to the king(in the nature of kings rights & privileges)

• Bali
  a) A type of land revenue                
  b) A tpetty cess besides kings normal share-Arthasastra                  
  c) Additional & oppressive tax- Ref. Jaakas                  
  d) Emergency tax from which chief Ministers were exempted –ref. Millind Panho

• Bhaga Bhoga- Landrevenue and supplies of first flower etc. to the king.

Various Commentary & Bhasya

• Vishwarup wrote a commentary known as Balasera on Yavjnavalkya’s Smriti.
• Megatithi wrote a commentary on Manusmriti
• Bhattaswami wrote a commentary known as Pratipada Panchika on Kautilya’s Arth Shastra. It was completed by Vishnugupta.
• Vijananeshwar wrote a commentary known as Mitakshara (on civil Law) on Yajnavlkya’s law book.

Facts about ancient literature

1. Various texts were written

• First text of Sanskrit grammer is Ashtadhyayi (500BC) by Panini. There are  8 chapters and 400 sutras in it.
• In 200 BC Patanjali wrote the Mahabhashya on the grammar of Panini.
• In 700 AD Kashika was written by jayaditya and Vaman on A shtadhyayi.

2. Pachtantra is the earliest story collection.

• It is compiled by Vishnu Sharma.
• This book is of Gupta period.

3. Hitopadesh is second famous collection of Indian stories.

• Its writer is Narayan

4. Abhijanashkuntalamis the best text of Kalidas.

• It contains the description of king Dushyant of (Hastinapur)

5. Two famous plays of Vishkhadutta are Mudrarakshasa and Devichandraguptam

• In Mudarakshas there is a description of Chandragupta Maurya and in Devichandraguptam description of Gpata ruler Ramgupta.

6. Mrichchhkatika is written by Shudrak.

• This is a social play.
• It contains the love storey of Brahman charudata and the famous courtesan of Ujjayani, Vasantsena.

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Sixteen Mahajanpadas (600 BC)

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