(Online Course) Madhya Pradesh PSC: General Studies: Human Resources

General Studies: Human Resources

The development of any country depends upon its available quality human resources. It is the human resource which use other natural and artificial resources and thus the efficiency of human resources decides the efficiency of utilization of other resources.

Population means the number of people living in a particular place. This includes people of ail age group. Development of any particular place is impossible if the population of that place is not known, population census is conducted periodically. The British Government conducted the first population census of India in 1872. After this the population census is conducted in an interval of every 10 years. This period started from 1881. The population census of 2001 is the 6th population census after this independence of the state and the 13th population census in order if we consider 1881 as the first population census year. The 2001 population census is the 5th census of Madhya Pradesh after reorganization. The population distribution Madhya Pradesh on this basis.of cities, village and the male-female ratio, literacy etc. are shown in the following points.

• According to the population census 2001, the population of the state is 60348023, which constitutes to 5.87 percent of the total population of India.

• Madhya Pradesh 7th place in the country in respect to population where as it is 2nd in area.

• The population is then distributed into two groups in villages and in cities.

• Madhya Pradesh 55392 villages and 310 cities.

Population

Total Population : 60348023 (5.87 percent of the country)

Male : 31443652 (52.10 percent)

Female : 28904371 (47.90 percent)

Rural : 26.46 percent

Urban :

District with maximum  population : Indore

District with minimum population : Indore

Maximum population of 3 district : Indore, Jabalpur

Minimum population of 3 district : Indore Harda

Total percent of SC& ST : 35.44 percent

Schedule Caste : 15.17 percent

Schedule Tribe : 20.27 percent

Rate of Increase of Population:

• Thereat of increase of population is 24.26 percent in 1991-2001.

• Highest district which are highest population growth-Indore (40.82 percent)

• District which are lowest population growth - Balaghat (5.85 percent)

• The 3 district with highest population growth - Indore, Bhopal, Sidhi

• The 3 district with lowest population growth - Balaghat, Dindori, Mandla

Population Density:

• The population density is 196 persq.km. according to census 2001.

• District which are highest population density-(665)

• District which has lowest population density - Dinejori (78)

• The 3 districts with highest population growth - Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur "* The 3 district withlowest population growth

• Dendori, Sheopur, Pana

Birth Rate:

The birth rate measures the number of live births during a particular year per 1000 population at mid year. India is the second country in the world to cross the one billion population mark and the birth rate is viewed as a basic indicator of population growth. The magnitude of this rate, which depends on the fertility rate and also on the age structure of the population varies considerably between the states and also shows urban and,rural distinctions urban areas with their higher incomes profiles and better access to education and health facilities have lower birth rates.

Death Rate

The death rate gives the average annual number of death during a particular year per 1000 population at mid-year and is also known as the crude death rate. While the death rate gives only a rough indication of the mortality situation it accurately measures the impact of cement mortality on population growth. While the death rate depends and complex set of factor, it can be said that with better health facilities this rate declines overtime and states that have not been able to provide such amenities to their population do show higher death rates moreover urban are as. Where medical care is more widely available have lower death rates.

Sex Ratio (Female per 1000 males)

The sex ratio measured by the number of Females per 1000 males is an indicator of gender quality in a region. Biologically a girls child is more resistant to disease and is more likely to survive infancy than a male child, but the sex ratio shows an adverse trend in India. A low sex ratio shows the preference given to males.in the society as females, are quite commonly dented the same access as males to food, nutrition healthcare and medical support facilities. The census in 2001 noted a decline in the sex ratio in certain states, which pointed to the growing trend of couples resorting to the illegal female fortified an alarming indicator of a social pairs that needs urgent attention.

Total Fertility Rate:

The total fertility rate is the average number ofcchildren that would be born per women, if aj women lived to the end of their child bearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per women, and it is expected that with economic growth and development there is a decline in fiis rate. However, despite the decline we find that poor states with lower incomes and development still have high rates of fertility. Which compound to the problem of inadequate where withal for every citizen. A fertility rate of 2.1 at an all India level is expected to stabilize the population and very few states are close to this target.

Female Life Expectancy at Birth

Life expectancy at birth is one of the most preferred indicators in the demographic and health analysis. It reflects the average number of years that a new born body is expected to survive under the current schedule of mortality. It is proxy measure for several dimensions like adequate nutrition, good health, education and other valued achievements. The availability of reliable estimates for smaller states and districts of India is scanty. In general, women have higher life expectancy at birth than males and yet in a few states this does not hold true health care and nutrition:

Male Life Expectancy at Birth

Life expectancy at birth shows the rising trends over time, as there is better availability of health and medical facilities. Higher income levels also reflect in better lifespans as the nutritional requirements are also met more adequately. While all states show a rise in the life expectancy, the pale of increase varies substantially across the state.

Head Count Ratio

Head count ratio measure the extent of poverty in a state. The poverty line in India is measured by taking the income (separately for rural and urban areas) necessary to buy a basic food basket the consumption of which yields a minimum level of calories. It takes into account only the expenditure required for food for subsistence leaving out other components of all other goods and service housing, clothing, education and health services - needed for a decent living. The head count ratio is computed on the basis of national sample survey (NSS) data on consumption expenditure - people with an income below the poverty line are poor and the proportion of the poor to the aggregat population is the head count ratio.

Inco Distribution of House Holds Religion

The distribution of households by income profile reflects on the income inequalities in a state while there are many income categories possible table consider three economic classes rich middle class and poor. Rich house holder have been characterized as those earning more than Rs. 3 lakh agear, middle class holders are defined as those whose annual income is between Rs. 75,000 and 3 lakh year. While poor householder are those earning less than Rs. 75,000 a year states with low income levelr show larges proportion of poor householder while there are other states where the middle class dominates:

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