Daily Special Current Affairs Material for IAS (Pre) 2013 - Topic: "C-Band Polarimetric Doppler Radar"

Chapter: Science & Technology

Topic: C-Band Polarimetric Doppler Radar

Q. What is C-Band Polarimetric Doppler radar?

Ans. Polarimetric radars transmit radio wave pulses that have both horizontal and vertical orientation. The horizontal pulses essentially give a measure of the horizontal dimension of cloud (cloud water and cloud ice) and precipitation (snow, ice pellets, hail and rain) particles while the vertical pulses essentially give a measure of the vertical dimension. Since the power returned to the radar is a complicated function of each particle size, shape and ice density, this additional information results in improved estimates of rain, snow rate, better detection of large hail location in storms, and improved identification of rain/snow transition regions in winter storms.

Q. The first C-Band Polarimetric Doppler radar of India where has been

Ans. The First C-Band Polarimetric Doppler Radar of the country started working in Delhi on January 15th, 2012 i.e. from the 137th Foundation Day of India Meteorological Department. Most weather radars transmit radio wave pulses that have a horizontal orientation.

Q. Why C-Band Polarimetric Doppler Radar is important for India?

Ans. The C-Band Polarimetric Doppler Radar at Delhi has the latest state of the art technology used for weather surveillance. It uses advanced algorithms to generate information which is vital for detecting severe weather phenomena such as rain, hail storm etc., with greater accuracy. Due to this additional information it is very useful to issue weather forecasts and warnings for events which are likely to occur within short period of time also known as now casting.

Q. How C-Band Polarimetric Doppler radar is different with other radars?

Ans. C-Band Polarimetric Doppler Radar adds capability of being able to measure a frequency shift that is introduced into the reflected signal by the motion of the cloud and precipitation particles. This frequency shift is then used to determine wind speed.

Q. How many variables can be measured mainly by C-band Polarimetric radar and what’s its importance?

Ans. The C-band Polarimetric radar has capability to measure mainly four variables such as Differential Reflectivity, Correlation Coefficient, Linear Depolarization ratio and Specific Differential Phase. Besides this, total and horizontal Reflectivity, Radial velocity, Spectral width and Hydromet classification will be measured.

• The Differential Reflectivity (ZDR) indicates ratio of the reflected horizontal and vertical power returns. Among other things, it is a good indicator of drop shape. In turn the shape is a good estimate of average drop size.

• Cross Correlation Coefficient (Rho-HV) is a statistical correlation between reflected horizontal and vertical power returns. It is an indicator of regions of precipitation types, such as rain and snow. It is prominently used for hydrometeor classification.

• Differential Phase (Phi-DP) and Specific Differential Phase is a comparisons of the returned phase difference between horizontal and vertical pulses, caused by the difference in number of wave cycles (wavelengths) along the propagation path for horizontal and vertically polarized waves. It is a good estimator of rain rate as it is independent of calibration, and other radar related parameters.

Q. What are the main benefits of C-Band Polarimetric Doppler radar?

• The improvements associated with Polarimetric Doppler radars come with their ability to provide previously unavailable information on cloud and precipitation particle size, shape, and ice density.

• Polarimetric radar will significantly improve the accuracy of estimates of amount of precipitation (snow, ice pellets, hail and rain).

• It will now tell difference between very heavy rain and hail, which will improve flash floods watches and warnings and disaster management.

• The C-band Polarimetric radar will be a boon to give indication of kal-baisakhi.

• It will also contribute to increased lead time in flash floods and winter weather hazard warnings and severe hazards like thunder storms, kal-baisakhi and cyclonic circulations. It has better ability to correct signal attenuation due to atmosphere including attenuation due to rain in cyclonic wall clouds.

• It will generate better estimates of rainfall. Rainfall in catchment areas of dams can be monitored. It will provide critical rainfall estimation information for stream flow hence is very useful for hydrological studies. It will be useful in water management.

• It will detect aviation hazards such as birds (ornithological echoes), insects etc.

• It is able to identify no-meteorological echoes with better accuracy than conventional radars.

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