(Content) Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth (TMH)
Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth (TMH)
Table of Contents
Part I
Constitutional Framework
1. Historical Background
- The Company Rule (1773–1858)
- The Crown Rule (1858–1947)
- Notes and References
2. Making of the Constitution
- Composition of the Constituent Assembly
- Working of the Constituent Assembly
- Committees of the Constituent Assembly
- Enactment of the Constitution
- Enforcement of the Constitution
- Criticism of the Constituent Assembly
- Notes and References
3. Salient Features of the Constitution
Introduction
- Salient Features of the Constitution
- Notes and References
4. Preamble of the Constitution
- Text of the Preamble
- Ingredients of the Preamble
- Key Words in the Preamble
- Significance of the Preamble
- Preamble as Part of the Constitution
- Amendability of the Preamble
- Notes and References
5. Union and its Territory
- Union of States
- Parliament’s Power to Reorganise the States
- Evolution of States and Union Territories
- Notes and References
6. Citizenship
- Meaning and Significance
- Constitutional Provisions
- Citizenship Act, 1955
- Single Citizenship
- Notes and References
7. Fundamental Rights
- Features of Fundamental Rights
- Definition of State
- Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights
- Right to Equality
- Right to Freedom
- Right Against Exploitation
- Right to Freedom of Religion
- Cultural and Educational Rights
- Right to Constitutional Remedies
- Writs—Types and Scope
- Armed Forces and Fundamental Rights
- Martial Law and Fundamental Rights
- Effecting Certain Fundamental Rights
- Present Position of Right to Property
- Exceptions to Fundamental Right
- Criticism of Fundamental Rights
- Significance of Fundamental Rights
- Rights Outside Part III
- Notes and References
8. Directive Principles of State Policy
- Features of the Directive Principles
- Classification of the Directive Principles
- New Directive Principles
- Sanction Behind Directive Principles
- Criticism of the Directive Principles
- Utility of Directive Principles
- Conflict Between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
- Implementation of Directive Principles
- Directives Outside Part IV
- Notes and References
9. Fundamental Duties
- Swaran Singh Committee Recommendations
- List of Fundamental Duties
- Features of the Fundamental Duties
- Criticism of Fundamental Duties
- Significance of Fundamental Duties
- Verma Committee Observations
- Notes and References
10. Amendment of the Constitution
- Procedure for Amendment
- Types of Amendments
- Criticism of the Amendment Procedure
- Notes and References
11. Basic Structure of the Constitution
- Emergence of the Basic Structure
- Elements of the Basic Structure
- Notes and References
- Part II
- System of Government
12. Parliamentary System
- Features of Parliamentary Government
- Features of Presidential Government
- Merits of the Parliamentary System
- Demerits of the Parliamentary System
- Reasons for Adopting Parliamentary System
- Distinction between Indian and British Models
- Notes and References
13. Federal System
- Federal Features of the Constitution
- Unitary Features of the Constitution
- Critical Evaluation of the Federal System
- Notes and References
14. Centre–State Relations
- Legislative Relations
- Administrative Relations
- Financial Relations
- Trends in Centre–State Relations
- Notes and References
15. Inter-State Relations
- Inter-state Water Disputes
- Inter-State Councils
- Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings
- Inter-State Trade and Commerce
- Zonal Councils
- Notes and References
16. Emergency Provisions
- National Emergency
- President’s Rule
- Financial Emergency
- Criticism of the Emergency Provisions
- Notes and References
- Part III
- Central Government
17. President
- Election of the President
- Qualifications, Oath and Conditions
- Term, Impeachment and Vacancy
- Powers and Functions of the President
- Veto Power of the President
- Ordinance-making Power of the President
- Pardoning Power of the President
- Constitutional Position of the President
- Notes and References
18. Vice-President
- Election
- Qualifications
- Oath or Affirmation
- Conditions of Office
- Term of Office
- Vacancy in Office
- Election Disputes
- Powers and Functions
- Indian and American Vice-Presidents Compared
- Emoluments
- Notes and References
19. Prime Minister
- Appointment of the Prime Minister
- Oath, Term and Salary
- Powers and Functions of the Prime Minister 1
- Role Descriptions
- Relationship with the President
- Chief Ministers who became Prime Ministers
- Notes and References
20. Central Council of Ministers
- Constitutional Provisions
- Nature of Advice by Ministers
- Appointment of Ministers
- Responsibility of Ministers
- Composition of the Council of Ministers
- Council of Ministers Vs Cabinet
- Role of Cabinet
- Role Descriptions
- Kitchen Cabinet
- Notes and References
21. Cabinet Committees
- Features of Cabinet Committees
- List of Cabinet Committees
- Functions of Cabinet Committees
- Groups of Ministers
- Notes and References
22. Parliament
- Organisation of Parliament
- Composition of the Two Houses
- System of Elections to Lok Sabha
- Duration of Two Houses
- Membership of Parliament
- Presiding Officers of Parliament
- Leaders in Parliament
- Sessions of Parliament
- Devices of Parliamentary Proceedings
- Legislative Procedure in Parliament
- Joint Sitting of Two Houses
- Budget in Parliament
- Multifunctional Role of Parliament
- Ineffectiveness of Parliamentary Control
- Position of Rajya Sabha
- Parliamentary Privileges
- Sovereignty of Parliament
- Notes and References
23. Parliamentary Committees
- Meaning and Classification
- Notes and References
24. Parliamentary Forums
- Establishment of Forums
- Objectives of the Forums
- Composition of the Forums
- Functions of the Forums
- Notes and References
25. Supreme Court
- Organisation of Supreme Court
- Seat of Supreme Court
- Procedure of the Court
- Independence of Supreme Court
- Jurisdiction and Powers of Supreme Court
- Supreme Court Advocates
- Notes and References"
- Part IV
- State Government
26. Governor
- Appointment of Governor
- Conditions of Governor’s Office
- Term of Governor’s Office
- Powers and Functions of Governor
- Constitutional Position of Governor
- Notes and References
27. Chief Minister
- Appointment of Chief Minister
- Oath, Term and Salary
- Powers and Functions of Chief Minister
- Relationship with the Governor
- Notes and References
28. State Council of Ministers
- Constitutional Provisions
- Nature of Advice by Ministers
- Appointment of Ministers
- Oath and Salary of Ministers
- Responsibility of Ministers
- Composition of the Council of Ministers
- Cabinet
- Notes and References
29. State Legislature
- Organisation of State Legislature
- Composition of Two Houses
- Duration of Two Houses
- Membership of State Legislature
- Presiding Officers of State Legislature
- Sessions of State Legislature
- Legislative Procedure in State Legislature
- Position of Legislative Council
- Privileges of State Legislature
- Notes and References
30. High Court
- Organisation of High Court
- Independence of High Court
- Jurisdiction and Powers of High Court
- Notes and References
31. Subordinate Courts
- Constitutional Provisions
- Structure and Jurisdiction
- Notes and Reference
32. Special Status of Jammu & K ashmir
- Accession of J&K to India
- Present Relationship Between J&K and India
- Features of J&K Constitution
- J&K Autonomy Resolution Rejected
- Group of Interlocutors for J&K
- Notes and References
33. Special Provisions for Some States
- Provisions for Maharashtra and Gujarat
- Provisions for Nagaland
- Provisions for Assam and Manipur
- Provisions for Andhra Pradesh
- Provisions for Sikkim
- Provisions for Mizoram
- Provisions for Arunachal Pradesh and Goa
- Provisions for Karnataka
- Notes and References
- Part V
- Local Government
34. Panchayati Raj
- Evolution of Panchayati Raj
- 73rd Amendment Act of 1992
- Compulsory and Voluntary Provisions
- Pesa Act of 1996 (Extension Act)
- Notes and References
35. Municipalities
- Evolution of Urban Bodies
- 74th Amendment Act of 1992
- Types of Urban Governments
- Municipal Personnel
- Central Council of Local Government
- Notes and References
- Part VI
- Union Territories and Special Areas
36. Union Territories
- Creation of Union Territories
- Administration of Union Territories
- Special Provisions for Delhi
- Advisory Committees of Union Territories
- Notes and References
37. Scheduled and Tribal A reas
- Administration of Scheduled Areas
- Administration of Tribal Areas
- Notes and References
- Part VII
- Constitutional Bodies
38. Eection Commission
- Composition
- Independence
- Powers and Functions
- Notes and References
39. Union Public Service Commission
- Composition
- Removal
- Independence
- Functions
- Limitations
- Role
- Notes and References
40. State Public Service Commission
- Composition
- Removal
- Independence
- Functions
- Limitations
- Role
- Joint State Public Service Commission
- Notes and References
41. Finance Commission
- Composition
- Functions
- Advisory Role
- Impact of Planning Commission
- Commissions Appointed
- Notes and References
42. National Commission for SC s
- Evolution of the Commission
- Functions of the Commission
- Report of the Commission
- Powers of the Commission
- Notes and References
43. National Commission for ST s
- Separate Commission for STs
- Functions of the Commission
- Other Functions of the Commission
- Report of the Commission
- Powers of the Commission
- Notes and References
44. Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities
- Constitutional Provisions
- Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities
- Role
- Vision and Mission
- Functions and Objectives
- Notes and References
45. Comptroller and Auditor General of India
- Appointment and Term
- Independence
- Duties and Powers
- Role
- Cag and Corporations
- Appleby’s Criticism
- Notes and References
46. Attorney General of India
- Appointment and Term
- Duties and Functions
- Rights and Limitations
- Solicitor General of India
- Notes and References
47. Advocate General of the State
- Appointment and Term
- Duties and Functions
- Notes and References
- Part VIII
- Non-Constitutional Bodies
48. Planning Commission
- Functions
- Composition
- Internal Organisation
- Personnel
- Programme Evaluation Organisation
- Critical Evaluation
- Notes and References
49. National Development Council
- Composition
- Objectives
- Functions
- Critical Evaluation
- Notes and References
50. National Human Rights Commission
- Establishment of the Human Rights Commission
- Composition of the Commission
- Functions of the Commission
- Working of the Commission
- Role of the Commission
- Performance of the Commission
- Human Rights (Amendment) Act,
- Notes and References
51. State Human Rights Commission
- Composition of the Commission
- Functions of the Commission
- Working of the Commission
- Human Rights Courts
- Notes and References
52. Central Information Commission
- Composition
- Tenure and Service Conditions
- Powers and Functions
- Notes and References
53. State Information Commission
- Composition
- Tenure and Service Conditions
- Powers and Functions
- Notes and References
54. Central Vigilance Commission
- Composition
- Organisation
- Functions
- Jurisdiction
- Working
- Notes and References
55. Central Bureau of Investigation
- Establishment of CBI
- Motto, Mission and Vision of CBI
- Organisation of CBI
- Composition of CBI
- Functions of CBI
- CBI vs. State Police
- CBI Academy
- Notes and References
56. Lokpal and Lokayuktas
- Global ScenarioLokpal
- Lokayuktas
- Notes and References
- Part IX
- Other Constitutional Dimensions
57. Co-operative Societies
- Constitutional Provisions
- Reasons for the 97th Amendment
- Notes and References
58. Official Language
- Language of the Union
- Regional Languages
- Language of the Judiciary and Texts of Laws
- Special Directives
- Notes and References
59. Public Services
- Classification of Services
- Constitutional Provisions
- Notes and References
60. Tribunals
- Administrative Tribunals
- Tribunals for Other Matters
- Notes and References
61. Rights and Liabilities of the Government
- Property of the Union and the States
- Suits by or Against the Government
- Suits Against Public Officials
- Notes and References
62. Authoritative Text of the Constitution in Hindi L anguage
- Constitutional Provisions
- Reasons for the 58th Amendment
- Notes and References
63. Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes
- Rationale of Special Provisions
- Specification of Classes
- Components of Special Provisions
- Notes and References
- Part X
- Political Dynamics
64. Political Parties
- Meaning and Types
- Party System in India
- Recognition of National and State Parties
- Notes and References
65. Elections
- Electoral System
- Election Machinery
- Election Process
- Notes and References
66. Electoral Reforms
- Committees Related to Electoral Reforms
- Electoral Reforms Before 1996
- Electoral Reforms of 1996
- Electoral Reforms After 1996
- Electoral Reforms Since 2010
- Notes and References
67. Anti-Defection Law
- Provisions of the Act
- Evaluation of the Act
- 91st Amendment Act (2003)
- Notes and References
68. Pressure Groups
- Meaning and Techniques
- Pressure Groups in India
- Notes and References
69. National Integration
- Meaning of National Integration
- Obstacles to National Integration
- National Integration Council
- National Foundation for Communal Harmony
- Notes and References
70. Foreign Policy
- Principles of Indian Foreign Policy
- Objectives of Indian Foreign Policy
- Look East Policy of India
- Gujral Doctrine of India
- Nuclear Doctrine of India
- Notes and References
- Part XI
- Working of the Constitution
71. National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution
- Terms of Reference of the Commission
- Fifty Years of Working of the Constitution
- Areas of Concern: Commission’s Perception
- Recommendations of the Commission
- Notes and References