(Study Material for IPS LCE) Environment: National Initiatives
Environment
National Initiatives
Courtesy: various websites
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)
Introduction
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an important management tool for ensuring optimal use of natural resources for sustainable development. A beginning in this direction was made in our country with the impact assessment of river valley projects in 1978-79 and the scope has subsequently been enhanced to cover other developmental sectors such as industries, thermal power projects, mining schemes etc. To facilitate collection of environmental data and preparation of management plans, guidelines have been evolved and circulated to the concerned Central and State Government Departments. EIA has now been made mandatory under the Environmental (Protection Act, 1986 for 29 categories of developmental activities involving investments of Rs. 50 crores and above.
Environmental Appraisal Committees
With a view to ensure multi-disciplinary input required for
environmental appraisal of development projects, Expert Committees have been
constituted for the following sectors:
• Mining Projects
• Industrial Projects
• Thermal Power Projects
• River Valley, Multipurpose, Irrigation and H.E. Projects
• Infrastructure Development and Miscellaneous Projects
• Nuclear Power Projects
Environmental Appraisal Procedure
Once an application has been submitted by a project authority
alongwith all the requisite documents specified in the EIA Notification, it is
scrutinised by the technical staff of the Ministry prior to placing it before
the Environmental Appraisal Committees. The Appraisal Committees evaluate the
impact of the project based on the data furnished by the project authorities and
if necessary, site visits or on-the-spot assessment of various environmental
aspects are also undertaken. Based on such examination, the Committees make
recommendations for approval or rejection of the project, which are then
processed in the Ministry for approval or rejection.
In case of site specific projects such as Mining, River Valley, Ports and
Harbours etc., a two stage clearance procedure has been adopted whereby the
project authorities have to obtain site clearance before applying for
environmental clearance of their projects. This is to ensure avoiding areas
which are ecologically fragile and environmentally sensitive. In case of
projects where complete information has been submitted by the project
proponents, a decision is taken within 90 days.
Monitoring
After considering all the facets of a project, environmental
clearance is accorded subject to implementation of the stipulated environmental
safeguards. Monitoring of cleared projects is undertaken by the six regional
offices of the Ministry functioning at Shillong, Bhubaneshwar, Chandigarh,
Bangalore, Lucknow and Bhopal. The primary objective of such a procedure is to
ensure adequacy of the suggested safeguards and also to undertake mid-course
corrections required, if any. The procedure adopted for monitoring is as
follows:
• Project authorities are required to report every six months on the progress of
implementation of the conditions/safeguards stipulated, while according
clearance to the project.
• Field visits of officers and expert teams from the Ministry and/ or its
Regional Offices are undertaken to collect and analyse performance data of
development projects, so that difficulties encountered are discussed with the
proponents with a view to finding solutions.
• In case of substantial deviations and poor or no response, the matter is taken
up with the concerned State Government.
• Changes in scope of project are identified to check whether review of earlier
decision is called for or not.
Coastal Area Management
Coastal States/UTs are required to prepare Coastal Zone Management Plans (CZMPs) as per the provisions of the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification 1991, identifying and categorising the coastal areas for different activities and submit it to the Ministry for approval.
The Ministry has constituted a Task Force for examination of these plans submitted by Maharashtra and Gujarat States have been discussed in the meetings of the Task Force and these need to be modified. The Government of Orissa has submitted a partial plan covering only a part of their coastal area. In respect of West Bengal, a preliminary concept document of the CZMP has been submitted. Revised CZMP/clarifications have been received from the State of Goa and UTs of Daman & Diu, Lakshadweep and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
During the year, the Task Force had seven meetings and two site visits for consideration of the plans. Once the plans of the different States/UTs are finalised, the development activities in the coastal belt would be more forcefully regulated to ensure non-violation of CRZ Notification.
Island Development Authority (IDA)
The 9th meeting of IDA was held on 22.1.96 under the Chairmanship of the Prime Minister to decide on various policies and programmes aimed at integrated development of the islands, keeping in view the relevent aspects of environmental protection, and also to review the progress of implementation and impact of the programmes of development.
Studies on Carrying Capacity
Natural resources are finite and are dwindling at a fast
pace. Optimization of natural resources for achieving the objective of
sustainable development is therefore, self evidents, this can be done only when
environmental considerations are internalized in the development process. It has
often been observed that one or more natural resource(s) becomes a limiting
resource in a given region thereby restricting the scope of development
portfolios. The Ministry of Environment & Forests has been sponsoring Carrying
Capacity Studies for different regions. The studies involve:
• Inventorisation of the natural resources available;
• Preparation of the existing environmental settings;
• Perspective plans and their impact on natural resources through creation of
“Business As Usual Scenario”;
• Identification of “Hot Spots” requiring immediate remedial action to overcome
air, water or land pollution;
• Formulation of alternative development scenarios including a Preferred
Scenarios. A comparison between “Business As Usual” and the “Preferred Scenario”
would indicate the future course of action to be adopted for development of the
region after the package has been discussed with the local people as well as the
planners.
A few problem areas such as the Doon Valley - an ecologically sensitive area, the National Capital Region (NCR) which is suffering from air and water pollution as well as congestion, Damodar River Basin which is very rich in natural resources and yet has extensive environmental degradation and Tapi estuary which represents the problems in the coastal region both for water and land development, have been selected for carrying out such studies.
A multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional approach has been adopted for conducting these studies. Draft reports are ready for Doon Valley and the NCR and are being discussed with the NGOs and the local people for finalising the same. Work relating to Damodar Basin and Tapi Estuary is continuing with respect to secondary data collection and analysis so as to identify the requirements of primary data collection and modification in the development scenarios.
GREEN DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE (GDI)
THE GREEN DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE (GDI) aims to establish a biodiversity standard and certification scheme for land management. The standard is based on the objectives and approaches of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and will be used to certify areas which are managed for conservation and development. GDI certification will facilitate the allocation of resources needed for preserving threatened biodiversity or restoring degraded biodiversity.
Board
The GDI Board is international and includes representatives from governments, the private sector and NGOs. Its role is to set the overall direction of the Initiative and the review its work programmes. These work programmes include potential and current GDI pilot projects as well as the creation and development of the certification modalities. The first Board meeting took place on the 27th May 2011.
Advisory Group
The GDI Advisory Group was set up in April 2011. Currently the Advisory is made up of 27 members, all of which are experienced in the domain of sustainability, biodiversity, finance and business. The group uses their expertise to advise and council the GDI Secretariat on the development of work programmes and certification modalities.
Secretariat
Earthmind serves as the Secretariat for the Initiative. Work is undertaken by a team of professional consultants and junior associates. Core funding comes from the Biodiversity Policy Programme of the Government of the Netherlands.
Phase I: GDM 2010 Initiative
The GDM 2010 Initiative began in 2009 with aim of bringing
forward a discussion on a new financial mechanism for biodiversity at the 10th
Conference of the Parties of the (COP 10). The Conference took place in October
2010 in Nagoya, Japan. The aim of the Initiative was to explore the possibility
of establishing a mechanism which would be voluntary, transparent and
accountable so as to secure additional financial resources from the private
sector for biodiversity.
During Phase 1, extensive consultations were undertaken. Key events which
included papers and presentations on the idea of a green development mechanism
included:
1st Expert Meeting on a Green Development Mechanism
This meeting, hosted by the Dutch Government in February 2009, invited a group of biodiversity and conservation experts to discuss options for building markets which seek to implement international conservation obligations. The meeting concluded that there is a need for a mechanism on an international level to recognise and compensate for the costs of biodiversity protection. It was noted that the issues raised should be put forward as a GDM proposal.
3rd Business & Biodiversity Conference
During the 3rd CBD/UNEP Business & Biodiversity Conference held in Jakarta in December 2009, private sector finance was a key subject. In support of this discussion, the GDM 2010 Initiative organised a side event to explore the idea of a green development mechanism. An outcome of the conference was the “Jakarta Declaration” which includes explicit support for a Green Development Mechanism.
1st International Workshop on Innovative Financial Mechanisms
This CBD/UNEP TEEB expert workshop, held during January 2010 in Bonn, looked into the development of new financial mechanisms in terms of the CBD Strategy for Resource Mobilisation. The workshop resulted in a consensus that with further work a new international mechanism (GDM) could be used both as a way of building supplementary resources and as a way of providing further backbone to continuing schemes and new initiatives.
2nd Expert Meeting, on a Green Development Mechanism
This meeting was organised by Earthmind on behalf of the GDM 2010 Initiative Steering Committee and the Dutch Government and was held during February 2010 in Bali. It focused on the experiences and perspectives of developing countries in order to advise on possible modalities of a GDM. Key recommendations included focusing resource utilisation on verifiable biodiversity-responsible land management and establishing a GDM standard.
Preparatory CBD meetings
In the build-up to the 10th Conference of the Parties (COP10), two of the central preparatory meetings took place in Nairobi in May 2010. For SBSTTA14 (the 14th meeting of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice) a side event explored the challenges and opportunities involved in creating a GDM which could support CBD targets. For WGRI3 (the 3rd meeting of the Working Group on Review of Implementation of the Convention) a side event focused on business engagement in the quest to develop an innovative international financial mechanism. In the WGRI3 deliberations, the Parties agreed on a draft decision on innovative financial mechanism which included reference to the GDM.
CBD COP10
During COP10 in October 2010 which was held in Nagoya, the GDM 2010 Initiative held two side events to brief Parties and delegates about the proposal for having a global discussion on a green development mechanism in the context of their negotiations on innovative financial mechanisms. In the end, the Parties were unable to complete their negotiations on this topic and no decision was reached. Nevertheless, key decisions from COP10 provided further support for continuing work on a new mechanism for green development, particularly with the adoption of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets.
Phase II: Green Development Initiative
Following the consultations leading up to CBD COP10 in
October 2010, a new phase was launched to develop and text a promising
modalities for a green development mechanism. The focus of the Green Development
Initiative (GDI) is to establish a biodiversity standard and certification
scheme for land management which will facilitate financial support for
conservation and development action on the ground.
In many ways the GDI shares the same ethos as UNEP’s Green Economy Initiative (GEI),
which is “a project designed to communicate that the greening of economies is
not a burden on growth but rather a new engine for growth, employment, and the
reduction of persistent global poverty.” In this respect, the GDI is aiming to
certify positive biodiversity outcomes in terms of conservation and development
for geographically-defined areas.
Importantly, the GDI is not envisioned as a compliance mechanism to offset
environmental impacts, but rather as a verification mechanism to recognise good
environmental performance. It seeks to allow companies and other organisations
to responsibly manage their own land by satisfying relevant biodiversity
performance indicators and also to support the efforts of others to implement
biodiversity management plans for their lands.
In 2011, the GDI is developing its standard and certification scheme through a
number of pilot projects representing a diversity of landscapes and land uses.
These in include responsible soy farming in Brazil, cocoa and timber production
in Ghana, and community based natural resource management in Namibia.
The GDI Biodiversity Standard
The GDI Biodiversity Standard is aimed at the management of geographically-defined locations. Its foundations are derived from the objectives and definitions of the CBD. The Biodiversity Standard aims to offer an all-encompassing standard for biodiversity management which is suitable for any geographical area in locations all over the globe. It focuses on four core components of biodiversity: landscapes, ecosystems, species and habitats, and biological resources. The actions to be undertaken in a biodiversity management need to address four objectives: conservation of biodiversity; sustainable use of biological resources; equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of this use; and economic and social development.
NATIONAL ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE CHANGE (NAPCC)
Overview
India is faced with the challenge of sustaining its rapid
economic growth while dealing with the global threat of climate change. This
threat emanates from accumulated greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere,
anthropogenically generated through long-term and intensive industrial growth
and high consumption lifestyles in developed countries. While engaged with the
international community to collectively and cooperatively deal with this
threat, India needs a national strategy to firstly, adapt to climate change and
secondly, to further enhance the ecological sustainability of India’s
development path.
Climate change may alter the distribution and quality of India’s natural
resources and adversely affect the livelihood of its people. With an economy
closely tied to its natural resource base and climate-sensitive sectors such as
agriculture, water and forestry, India may face a major threat because of the
projected changes in climate.
India’s development path is based on its unique resource endowments, the
overriding priority of economic and social development and poverty eradication,
and its adherence to its civilizational legacy that places a high value on the
environment and the maintenance of ecological balance.
In charting out a developmental pathway which is ecologically sustainable, India
has a wider spectrum of choices precisely because it is at an earlystage of
development. Our vision is to create a prosperous, but not wasteful society, an
economy that is self-sustaining in terms of its ability to unleash the creative
energies of our people and is mindful of our responsibilities to both present
and future generations.
Recognizing that climate change is a global challenge, India will engage
actively in multilateral negotiations in the UN Framework Convention on Climate
Change, in a positive, constructive and forward-looking manner. Our objective
will be to establish an effective, cooperative and equitable global approach
based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilites and
respective capabilities, enshrined in the United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC). Such an approach must be based on a global vision
inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s wise dictum—The earth has enough resources to meet
people’s needs, but will never have enough to satisfy people’s greed. Thus we
must not only promote sustainable production processes, but equally,
sustainable lifestyles across the globe.
Finally, our approach must also be compatible with our role as a responsible
and enlightened member of the international community, ready to make our
contribution to the solution of a global challenge, which impacts on humanity as
a whole. The success of our national efforts would be significantly enhanced
provided the developed countries affirm their responsibility for accumulated
greenhouse gas emissions and fulfill their commitments under the UNFCCC, to
transfer new and additional financial resources and climate friendly
technologies to support both adaptation and mitigation in developing countries.
• Effecting implementation of programmes through unique linkages, including with
civil society and local government institutions and through publicprivate-pa
rtnersh i p.
• Welcoming international cooperation for research, development, sharing and
transfer of technologies enabled by additional funding and a global IPR regime
that facilitates technology transfer to developing countries under the UNFCCC.
Maintaining a high growth rate is essential for increasing living standards of
the vast majority of our people and reducing their vulnerability to the impacts
of climate change. In order to achieve a sustainable development path that
simultaneously advances economic and environmental objectives, the National
Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) will be guided by the following
principles:
• Protecting the poor and vulnerable sections of society through an inclusive
and sustainable development strategy, sensitive to climate change.
• Achieving national growth objectives through a qualitative change in direction
that enhances ecological sustainability, leading to further mitigation of
greenhouse gas emissions.
• Devising efficient and cost-effective strategies for end use Demand Side
Management.
• Deploying appropriate technologies for both adaptation and mitigation of
greenhouse gases emissions extensively as well as at an accelerated pace.
• Engineering new and innovative forms of market, regulatory and voluntary
mechanisms to promote
The NAPCC addresses the urgent and critical concerns of the country through a
directional shift in the development pathway, including through the enhancement
of the current and planned programmes presented in the Technical Document. The
National Action Plan on Climate Change identifies measures that promote our
development objectives while also yielding co-benefits for addressing climate
change effectively. It outlines a number of steps to simultaneously advance
India’s development and climate change-related objectives of adaptation and
mitigation.
The Way Forward: Eight National Missions
In dealing with the challenge of climate change we must act on several fronts in a focused manner simultaneously. The National Action Plan hinges on the development and use of new technologies. The implementation of the Plan would be through appropriate institutional mechanisms suited for effective delivery of each individual Mission’s objectives and include public private partnerships and civil society action. The focus will be on promoting understanding of climate change, adaptation and mitigation, energy efficiency and natural resource conservation. There are Eight National Missions which form the core of the National Action Plan, representing multi-pronged, long-term and integrated strategies for achieving key goals in the context of climate change. While several of these programmes are already part of our current actions, they may need a change in direction, enhancement of scope and effectiveness and accelerated implementation of time-bound plans.
National Solar Mission
A National Solar Mission will be launched to significantly increase the share of solar energy in the total energy mix while recognizing the need to expand the scope of other renewable and non-fossil options such as nuclear energy, wind energy and biomass. India is a tropical country, where sunshine is available for longer hours per day and in great intensity. Solar energy, therefore, has great potential as future energy source. It also has the advantage of permitting a decentralized distribution of energy, thereby empowering people at the grassroots level. Photovoltaic cells are becoming cheaper with new technology. There are newer, reflector-based technologies that could enable setting up megawatt scale solar power plants across the country. Another aspect of the Solar Mission would be to launch a major R&D programme, which could draw upon international cooperation as well, to enable the creation of more affordable, more convenient solar power systems, and to promote innovations that enable the storage of solar power for sustained, long-term use.
National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
The Energy Conservation Act of 2001 provides a legal mandate
for the implementation of the energy efficiency measures through the
institutional mechanism of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) in the Central
Government and designated agencies in each state. A number of schemes and
programmes have been initiated and it is anticipated that these would result in
a saving of 10,000 MW by the end of 11th Five Year Plan in 2012.
To enhance energy efficiency, four new initiatives will be put in place. These
are:
• A market based mechanism to enhance cost effectiveness of improvements in
energy efficiency in energy-intensive large industries and facilities, through
certification of energy savings that could be traded.
• Accelerating the shift to energy efficient appliances in designated sectors
through innovative measures to make the products more affordable.
• Creation of mechanisms that would help finance demand side management
programmes in all sectors by capturing future energy savings.
• Developing fiscal instruments to promote energy efficiency
National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
A National Mission on Sustainable Habitat will be launched to
make habitat sustainable through improvements in energy efficiency in buildings,
management of solid waste and modal shift to public transport. The Mission will
promote energy efficiency as an integral component of urban planning and urban
renewal through three initiatives.
i. The Energy Conservation Building Code, which addresses the design of new and
large commercial buildings to optimize their energy demand, will be extended in
its application and incentives provided for retooling existing building stock.
ii. Recycling of material and Urban Waste Management will be a major component
of ecologically sustainable economic development. India already has a
significantly higher rate of recycling of waste compared to developed countries.
A special area of focus will be the development of technology for producing
power from waste. The National Mission will include a major R&D programme,
focusing on bio chemical conversion, waste water use, sewage utilization and
recycling options wherever possible.
iii. Better urban planning and modal shift to public transport. Making long term
transport plans will facilitate the growth of medium and small cities in ways
that ensure efficient and convenient public transport.
In addition, the Mission will address the need to adapt to future climate change
by improving the resilience of infrastructure, community based disaster
management, and measures for improving the warning system for extreme weather
events. Capacity building would be an important component of this Mission.
National Water Mission
A National Water Mission will be mounted to ensure integrated
water resource management helping to conserve water, minimize wastage and ensure
more equitable distribution both across and within states. The Mission will take
into account the provisions of the National Water Policy and develop a framework
to optimize water use by increasing water use efficiency by 20% through
regulatory mechanisms with differential entitlements and pricing. It will seek
to ensure that a considerable share of the water needs of urban areas are met
through recycling of waste water, and ensuring that the water requirements of
coastal cities with inadequate alternative sources of water are met through
adoption of new and appropriate technologies such as low temperature
desalination technologies that allow for the use of ocean water.
The National Water Policy would be revisited in consultation with states to
ensure basin level management strategies to deal with variability in rainfall
and river flows due to climate change. This will include enhanced storage both
above and below ground, rainwater harvesting, coupled with equitable and
efficient management structures. The Mission will seek to develop new
regulatory structures, combined with appropriate entitlements and pricing. It
will seek to optimize the efficiency of existing irrigation systems, including
rehabilitation of systems that have been run down andalso expand irrigation,
where feasible, with a special effort to increase storage capacity. Incentive
structures will be designed to promote water-neutral or water-positive
technologies, recharging of underground water sources and adoption of large
scale irrigation programmes which rely on sprinklers, drip irrigation and ridge
and furrow irrigation.
National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem
A Mission for sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem will be
launched to evolve management measures for sustaining and safeguarding the
Himalayan glacier and mountain eco-system. Himalayas, being the source of key
perennial rivers, the Mission would, inter-alia, seek to understand, whether and
the extent to which, the Himalayan glaciers are in recession and how the
problem could be addressed. This will require the joint effort of
climatologists, glaciologists and other experts. We will need to exchange
information with the South Asian countries and countries sharing the Himalayan
ecology.
An observational and monitoring network for the Himalayan environment will also
be established to assess freshwater resources and health of the ecosystem.
Cooperation with neighbouring countries will be sought to make the network
comprehensive in its coverage.
The Himalayan ecosystem has 51 million people who practice hill agriculture and
whose vulnerability is expected to increase on account of climate change.
Community-based management of these ecosystems will be promoted with incentives
to community organizations and panchayats for protection and enhancement of
forested lands. In mountainous regions, the aim will be to maintain two-thirds
of the area under forest cover in order to prevent erosion and land degradation
and ensure the stability of the fragile eco-system.
National Mission for a Green India
A National Mission will be launched to enhance ecosystem
services including carbon sinks to be called Green India. Forests play an
indispensable role in the preservation of ecological balance and maintenance of
bio-diversity. Forests also constitute one of the most effective carbon-sinks.
The Prime Minister has already announced a Green India campaign for the
afforestation of 6 million hectares. The national target of area under forest
and tree cover is 33% while the current area under forests is 23%.
The Mission on Green India will be taken up on degraded forest land through
direct action by communities, organized through Joint Forest Management
Committees and guided by the Departments of Forest in state governments. An
initial corpus of over Rs 6000 crore has been earmarked for the programme
through the Compensatory Afforestaion Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA)
to commence work. The programme will be scaled up to cover all remaining
degraded forest land. The institutional arrangement provides for using the
corpus to leverage more funds to scale up activity.
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
The Mission would devise strategies to make Indian
agriculture more resilient to climate change. It would identify and develop new
varieties of crops and especially thermal resistant crops and alternative
cropping patterns, capable of withstanding extremes of weather, long dry spells,
flooding, and variable moisture availability.
Agriculture will need to be progressively adapted to projected climate change
and our agricultural research systems must be oriented to monitor and evaluate
climate change and recommend changes in agricultural practices accordingly. This
will be supported by the convergence and integration of traditional knowledge
and practice systems, information technology, geospatial technologies and
biotechnology. New credit and insurance mechanisms will be devised to facilitate
adoption of desired practices. Focus would be on improving productivity of
rainfed agriculture. India will spearhead efforts at the international level to
work towards an ecologically sustainable green revolution.
National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change
To enlist the global community in research and technology development and collaboration through mechanisms including open source platforms, a Strategic Knowledge Mission will be set up to identify the challenges of, and the responses to, climate change. It would ensure funding of high quality and focused research into various aspects of climate change. The Mission will also have, on its research agenda, socio-economic impacts of climate change including impact on health, demography, migration patterns and livelihoods of coastal communities. It would also support the establishment of dedicated climate change related academic units in Universities and other academic and scientific research institutions in the country which would be networked. A Climate Science Research Fund would be created under the Mission to support research. Private sector initiatives for development of innovative technologies for adaptation and mitigation would be encouraged through venture capital funds. Research to support policy and implementation would be undertaken through identified centres. The Mission will also focus on dissemination of new knowledge based on research findings.
Implementation of Missions
These National Missions will be institutionalized by
respective ministries and will be organized through inter-sectoral groups which
include in addition to related Ministries, Ministry of Finance and the Planning
Commission, experts from industry, academia and civil society. The
institutional structure would vary depending on the task to be addressed by the
Mission and will include providing the opportunity to compete on the best
management model.
Each Mission will be tasked to evolve specific objectives spanning the
remaining years of the 11th Plan and the 12th Plan period 2012-13 to 201617.
Where the resource requirements of the Mission call for an enhancement of the
allocation in the 11th Plan, this will be suitably considered, keeping in mind
the overall resources position and the scope for re-prioritisation.
Comprehensive Mission documents detailing objectives, strategies, plan of
action, timelines and monitoring and evaluation criteria would be developed and
submitted to the Prime Minister’s Council on Climate Change by December 2008.
The Council will also periodically review the progress of these Missions. Each
Mission will report publicly on its annual performance. Building public
awareness will be vital in supporting implementation of the NAPCC. This will be
achieved through national portals, media engagement, civil society involvement,
curricula reform and recognition/ awards, details of which will be worked out by
an empowered group. The Group will also consider methods of capacity building to
support the goals of the National Missions. We will develop appropriate
technologies to measure progress in actions being taken in terms of avoided
emissions, wherever applicable, with reference to business as usual scenarios.
Appropriate indicators will be evolved for assessing adaptation benefits of
the actions.
These Eight National Missions, taken together, with enhancements in current and
ongoing programmes included in the Technical Document, would not only assist the
country to adapt to climate change, but also, importantly, launch the economy on
a path that would progressively and substantially result in mitigation through
avoided emissions.
Institutional Arrangements for Managing Climate Change Agenda
In order to respond effectively to the challenge of climate
change, the Government has created an Advisory Council on Climate Change,
chaired by the Prime Minister. The Council has broad based representation from
key stake-holders, including Government, Industry and Civil Society and sets out
broad directions for National Actions in respect of Climate Change. The Council
will also provide guidance on matters relating to coordinated national action
on the domestic agenda and review of the implementation of the National Action
Plan on Climate Change including its R&D agenda.
The Council chaired by the Prime Minister would also provide guidance on matters
relating to international negotiations including bilateral, multilateral
programmes for collaboration, research and development. Details of the
institutional arrangement are at Annexure 1. The NAPCC will continue to evolve,
based on new scientific and technical knowledge as they emerge and in response
to the evolution of the multilateral climate change regime including
arrangements
NDIAN NETWORK ON CLIMATE CHANGE ASSESSMENT
The Indian Network on Climate Change Assessment (INCCA) was
launched in October 2009 by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in an
effort to promote domestic research on climate change, and build on the
country’s climate change expertise. This network of over 220 scientists from 120
premier research institutions in the country, is aimed at bringing in more
science-based policy-making, based on measurements, monitoring and modelling.
The INCCA will carry out research on the effects of climate change in different
regions and sectors in India and suggest suitable adaptation and mitigation
steps. The first publication to come out from the INCCA has been an updated
greenhouse gas emissions inventory for India for the year 2007. The last GHG
inventory was done in 1994, as part of India’s first National Communications for
the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
The objective behind setting up INCCA was to have an independent body of Indian
scientists who could “prepare scientific reports at the domestic level about the
impact of climate change on various sectors, which can give a real picture and
influence the world debate” according to Environment Minister, Jairam
Ramesh.Reports prepared by the INCCA will form a part of India’s National
Communication (Nat Com) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC). National Workshop of the Indian Network for Climate Change
Assessment (INCCA)
The Ministry of Environment & Forests is organizing a National Workshop of the
Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment (INCCA) to release an Assessment of
the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission 2007.The Ministry of Environment and Forests
has prepared this under the aegis of INCCA.
Shri Montek Singh Ahluwalia, Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission will address
the concluding session. Shri Jairam Ramesh, Minister of state for Environment
and Forests, Shri Vijai Sharma, Secretary and Dr Subodh K Sharma ,Adviser will
also address the session. be participating in the deliberations of the Workshop.
Please find enclosed the Provisional Programme.
INCAA was launched on October 14, 2009 at a National Workshop on Climate Change
in India towards preparation of a comprehensive Climate Change Assessment. INCAA
has been visualized as a network based programme mandated to undertake
programmes of Climate Change Assessment and in this connection had announced
that the Ministry during 2010 will bring out two Assessments, namely Greenhouse
Gas (GHG) Emission for the year 2007 and a 4 X 4 Assessment of impacts of
Climate Change on four sectors namely, Agriculture, Water, Natural Eco-system
and Health will be included in it. They will cover four regions – Himalayan,
Northeastern, Coastal and Western Ghats regions. The Ministry has been engaged
in the preparation of these Assessments and the first Assessment on the GHG
Emission 2007 for the sectors such as Energy; Industry; Agriculture; Land-use,
change and wastes is now ready for release.
The Assessment has been prepared by scientists and experts belonging to various
institutions countrywide as an INCCA Network on GHG Emissions. At the workshop,
presentations on GHG Emissions will be made by the participating Scientists/
Experts.
Assessment will cover various aspects of emission like emission from industry,
agriculture Land-use, Land-use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sectors. Papers will
be presented on emission from electricity generation, transport, residential and
commercial sector, coal mining and handling, cement, other industries, rice
cultivation, soil and burning of crop residue, livestock, etc. Estimation of
Carbon Stock in Indian Forests, use of remote sensing techniques for land
categorization, municipal solid waste, industrial and domestic waste water will
also be discussed. Participants will be from Central Institute Mining and Fuel
Research, Dhanbad, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi, The Energy
Resources Institute, New Delhi, Cement Manufacturing Association, Delhi,
Confederation of Indian Industries, New Delhi, Indian Agriculture Research
Institute, New Delhi, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Indian
Institute of Sciences, Bangalore, National Remote Sensing Agency and National
Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur.
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES (NBPGR)
The National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources has its
Headquarters at New Delhi, located at latitude of 28° 35’ N, longitude of 70°
18’ E and an altitude of 226 m above mean sea level. NBPGR functions under the
administrative control of the Crop Science Division of the ICAR. The Bureau
draws guidelines from the Crop Science Division of ICAR, Bureau’s Management
Committee, Research Advisory Committee and Germplasm Advisory Committees.
The Bureau has four Divisions, two units, three cells and an experimental farm
at its Headquarters in New Delhiand 10 regional/ base stations located in
different phyto-geographical zones of India. Besides this, a National Research
Centre on DNA fingerprinting and an All India Coordinated Research Project on
Under-utilized Crops are also located at the Bureau.
Plant Exploration and Collection Division has the objectives to plan, coordinate
and conduct explorations for collecting germplasm. Germplasm Evaluation Division
is entrusted with the prime responsibility of characterization and evaluation of
all the indigenous and exotic germplasm collections for their field performance
and other important traits like resistance to biotic/ abiotic stresses and
phytochemical attributes along with maintenance and regeneration. This division
has an experimental farm located at Issapur about 45 km from the main campus
covering an area of 40 ha. Germplasm Conservation Division is vested with the
task of conservation of germplasm of various crop plants, and to undertake basic
research on various aspects of seed storage and longevity. Plant Quarantine
Division has the power vested by Plant Protection Advisor to the Government of
India, under the Plant Quarantine (Regulation of Import into India) Order 2003
under the Destructive Insects and Pests Act (1914), to carry out quarantine of
the plant germplasm imported for research purposes. It also undertakes the
quarantine of material under export and issues the phytosanitary certificate.
Germplasm Exchange Unit has the responsibility of introducing genetic resources
of diverse crop plants and their wild relatives and distributing the same within
the country, and also exports the germplasm. There is also a Tissue Culture and
Cryopreservation Unit, with the main objective to conserve economic plants, for
which conventional methods of storage are unsuccessful or inadequate, through in
vitro and cryopreservation techniques. In addition, the Bureau has three cells,
namely PGR Policy, Agriculture Research Information System and Technical Cell.
The NRCDF has facilities for molecular fingerprinting of released varieties and
genetic stocks of crop plants of India. It has the objectives of standardization
of molecular marker systems for DNA profiling and their application in variety
identification. The NBPGR Headquarters, along with the network of 11 regional
/base/ satellite stations covering different agro-climatic regions, and the
linkages with 59 National Active Germplasm Sites constitute the Indian Plant
Genetic Resource Management System.
Mandate
To act as nodal institute at national level for acquisition and management of indigenous and exotic plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, and to carry out related research and human resource development, for sustainable growth of agriculture.
Objectives of NBPGR
• To plan, organize, conduct and coordinate exploration and
collection of indigenous and exotic plant genetic resources.
• To undertake introduction, exchange and quarantine of plant genetic resources.
• To characterize, evaluate, document and conserve crop genetic resources and
promote their use, in collaboration with other national organizations.
• To develop information network on plant genetic resources.
• To conduct research, undertake teaching and training, develop guidelines and
create public awareness on plant genetic resources.
Courtesy: various websites