::India is stands on North Korea::

• Adoption of wait and watch attitude closely panning the reactions of north Koreas near neighbours.

The perception of man towards a particular situation gives shape to the ideology of balkanization. Balkanization is a concept born out of mind. If people begin to think that they are not less developed to their neighbors or the union government is giving them as much importance as to any other state then will not have the urge to get separated. Balkanization is a geopolitical term originally used to describe the process of fragmentation or division of a region into smaller regions. The term finds origin in the division of the Balkan Peninsula which was held in its entirety by the Ottoman Empire into a number of smaller states. By and large the division of countries gives leaves poignant history and a hostile future and as such the world balkanization is seen as pejorative. However, in recent years the term comes vis-à-vis democratic rights of an ethnic group and the sustenance of its people. Thus new dimensions of balkanization have come up and rendered the issue very much debatable. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines the term balkanization as “to break up (as a region or group) into smaller and often hostile units. The word owes its origin to the often divisive nature of the Balkan states.

Topic: Drain of wealth

Question : Discuss in brief the theory of Drain of wealth?

Answer:

The main gist of the drain of wealth theory was that a large part of India’s national wealth or total annual product was exported to England for which the Indians got no adequate economic or material returns. This one way drain of India’s wealth was the major cause of her poverty. The colonial government was utilizing Indian resources- revenues, agriculture, and industry not for developing India but for utilization in Britain. And had these resources been utilised within India then they could have been invested and the income of the people would have increased. Ranade opined that one-third of India’s national income was being drained away-in one form or the other.

HOW WAS THIS DRAIN TAKING PLACE?

Turkey Kurdish:

Question : What are the initiatives to provide concession to Kurdish in turkey?

Answer:

Russia’s Election:

Question : What are the problems in Russian governance?

Answer:

• Corruption grew to staggering proportions.
• Bureaucratic hurdles strangled small businesses.
• Court served the rich and powerful.
• People could not change the system threw election.

Question : The promise made by Putin during course of election?

India and the Climate Change:

Question : What are the India’s stand on GHG reduction?

Answer :

• Differential responsibilities with respect to different capacities.
• A commitment to reduce 20-25 years of GHG by 2020.
• Promotion of renewable energy
• Abiding the principle of percept reduction.
• Continued struggle for historical perspective.

Question : What are the reasons for GHG emission?

India and Nuclear Order:

Question : Why India and ahead with nuclear test?

Answer:

• Chinese aggression
• Clandestine nuclear programme of Pakistan.
• To show India’s nuclear weapon state.

Topic: Colonial Economy and Its phases

Question : Give a brief description of colonial economy and its phases?

Answer :

The state of Indian economy under the lmperial ru1e has a long history. Its discussion can be traced to 1860’s when the moderates or a group of intellectual now known as the economic nationalists led by Dadbhai Naoroji and R.C. Dutt spoke about the apparent lack of growth and development of Indian economy in the colonial period: The nationalist school has been the staunchest critics of role of British Government.
R.C. Dutt’s (1901, 1903) work The Economic History Of India, “Volumes I & II”, remain till date the most influent book on the analysis of the Indian colonial economy. He broadly identified three phases of British exploitation of India. This periodisation often overlaps and should not be treated as rigid blocks.

Pakistan-Imran Khan:

Question : How Imran Khan get popularity.

Answer:

• Political vacuum and massive corruption.
• Sympathy he got from pro-military websites.
• Extreme liberal attitude.

Question : Why Pak could not able to consolidate?

Pakistan Military:

Question : What are the issues in the context of strained relations between Pak and Military?

Answer:

India-West Asia:

Question : What is the situation/Condition of West Asia?

Answer:

• A quest for democracy in all over the place
• End of us war on terror
• The increasing role of media and fight for governance
• Proliferation of nuclear materials in the region
• Continued fight between shia’s and sunnis
• India and chind’s hungry for energy security from this region.

India-Bangladesh Relations:

Question : What are the two important milestones?

Answer:

• 40th anniversary of freedom and independence by Bangaldesh
• 150th anniversary of Nobal Laureate Rabindranath Tagore.

Topic: Reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire

Question : Critically explain the reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire?

Answer: The traditional historiography held the weak successors and incompetent commanders as being responsible for the decline of the Mughal Empire.

Sir J. N. Sarkar understood the revolts by the Marathas, Jats and Sikhs against the background of the religious bigotry of Aurangzeb. However, the reasons are not as simple as the one stated above. While some problems were created under Aurangzeb’s rule, some were inbuilt in the Mughal system of administration and only heightened under Aurangzeb who had to face more than enough share of problems.

Topic: Battle of Buxar (1764) and its Impact

In 1763 Mir Kasim fled from Bengal and formed an alliance with the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and Shuja-ud-daula of Awadh. However, in Battle of Buxar in 1764, the combined forces were defeated and Treaty of Allahabad was ‘signed in 1765 In accordance with the treaty Shah Alam II granted the diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the Company. This grant meant that the Company could collect the revenues from the province.

Importance of this battle- Before the grant of diwani, the English used to bring bullion to trade with India The balance of trade was in the favour of India But after gaining the diwani rights, the English bought Indian goods from the revenues collected from the province of Bengal and then exported them Due to this the balance of trade no longer favoured India but led to greater exploitation of the country by the English. The Battle of Buxar had  important political consequences for India.

SSC CGL Tier - 1 Examination Held On 1 & 8 July 2012

Topics Covered

• General Intelligence and Reasoning 
• General Awareness

Pakistan Army:

Question : What are the issues regarding the attack on Pak army by NATO?

Answer:

• Claims the life of 24 soldiers.
• A breach of sovereignty.

Question : What are the aims of US in central Asia?

Pakistan-Peace:

Question. What are the initiatives taken by Pakistan to curb terrorism?

Answer:

• Closing terrorist camps in the federally administered tribal areas.
• Dismantling terrorist bases of operations in other parts of the country.
• Taking action when provided with intelligence about high-level terrorist targets.

Question : What is the present status of USA in Afghan?

India-UNSC Permanent seat?:

Answer:

• Will undermine the efficiency, integrity and credibility
• Coffee club and uniting for consensus opposed any expansion
• Non co-operation among the second tier nations.
• US sees it a dilution to its decision making.

Ques. Why there is a need for change/reform?

Answer:

• Ques. Why there is a need for change/reform?

India-US-China:

Answer:

• All of them should build trust

Introduction

Democracy is a form of government where people surrender some of their rights to a small elite body who are elected by people to rule over themselves. This elite body or the public representatives make law for the betterment of people. Once elected the public representatives remain all powerful till the end of the term by constitutional provision or otherwise because the constitution does not provide “call back” power to the people. The assumed principle is that these public representatives should make laws for the benefit of the people. The loophole in our administration is that it is not very transparent and popular participation is bare minimum. The prescribed methods of control on government have been largely unsuccessful. So in such a situation a vacuum is created in governance i.e. who shall see the validity of a law.
The judiciary as such and by principle cannot act unless an aggrieved party does not knock its door. Hence this vacuum is substantial. As per the theory of “Power vacuum filling” some organ has to extend its influence and it is only natural for judiciary to extend its influence in the sphere. Many argue that it is against the principle of democracy. May be it is true. But there is a widening gap between the principle of democracy and the essence of democracy. Sometimes the hegemonic growth of the form and procedure of democracy become so vast that they make the spirit of democracy in danger. Now it is important to decide what is more important the procedure and principles of democracy like the legislative supremacy or the spirit of democracy i.e. welfare of people. The principle and procedure may be a means to an end but the end is always the spirit of democracy. So if means are abridged to attain the ends then democracy will be more successful than anything else. Judiciary under the veil of activism serves as a watch dog for preserving this basic spirit of democracy.

Meaning

Judicial activism, like many catchwords, has acquired so many different meanings as to obscure more than it reveals. But at the same time it cannot be discarded as an intellectual void for the vagueness of the definition of the word for at the heart it speaks about the survival of law. Abandonment of this word not being a viable option, clarification needed as to what judicial activism is. Judicial activism is different from the judicial review or other process of jurisdiction in the sense that under the gamut of judicial review the judiciary can extend its influence to the spheres of executive and the legislative. Judicial activism simply means a pro-active judiciary which does no limit itself to the interpretation of law only but also sees if the law affects people adversely. The great contribution of judicial activism in India has been to provide a safety valve and a hope that justice is not beyond reach.