(Online Course) Pub Ad for IAS Mains: Law and Order Administration: Police – Public Relations (Paper -2)

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Online Course

(Online Course) Public Administration for IAS Mains Exams

Topic: Law and Order Administration: Police – Public Relations

Police Public Interface Core Issues

Among several essential prerequisites for public acceptance of the police, legitimacy of all their actions depends upon the extent to which the public judges the police to have been behaving properly in accordance with the basic rules and values. The central aspect of this facet is Rule of Law.
The need to bring in change in attitude, secure greater involvement of the people in policing and spread human rights awareness and education are amongst the core issues for consideration.
The police are embodied with a symbol of state power and this makes it more vulnerable to misuse it.
Emphasize on the need for change in attitude because public servants are to serve the people and not to act as masters.
The problem also lies in the fact that the judicial system and the different elements of the justice system-such as investigation, prosecution, the continuous adjournments in the courts due to witnesses not appearing, delays in justice and all this has failed and unless these are made functional there is going to be no dent on human rights issues.
It is important for the civil society to be alert to ensure that the police provide proper service.
Another form of poor policing is poor or lack of supervision of cases by senior officers especially in far flung police stations in the state.

Some Experiments

Different State Governments have initiated several practices to enhance: Police-public interaction and cooperation to secure better policing. Some of the initiatives taken by the state governments of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra related to establishment of a detailed computerized control room facility with online interaction with the public, introduction of mobile counselling centres for women in Tamil Nadu; participation of NGOs and other weaker sections in Karnataka; the constitution of Mohalla committees for communal harmony backed by a scheme of reward and recognition for promotion of communal harmony and prevention of communal violence (as in Maharashtra) were some of the examples of programmes involving people’s participation successfully.
Help line: Some State Governments have established ‘Help-Lines’ computerization and networking of Police Stations with facility of on-line registration of complaints and inter-active sessions with citizens as well as establishment of Women Mobile Counselling Centres.
A crime stopper call system which is a special telephone number where information regarding any crime which is committed can be given and this is relayed to the patrol team has been set up in Kerala.
However, in India not every one has access to computers or access the internet portals. The Akshaya Project in Mallappuram district of Kerala as a part of the efforts by the government have taken up 673 booths where computers are installed and people have been trained to use the computers. This is linked online to the collectorate and to all police stations.

People’s Expectations

People do not want their police to become a complete state or a social service agency providing education or dispensing with medicines, etc. What the people really expect is that the police should enforce the law and work according to the law.
What a citizen wants is that the police must function as per the law without being influenced by outside pressures.
It is certain that the public evaluates the equality of service it receives by the nature of the response of the police personnel at the level of the police station. When the staff of the police station distance themselves from the public, the latter gets more and more disillusioned and dissatisfied with the entire police machinery.
Performance Evaluation Survey of Mumbai police needs to be conducted with reference to the Citizens’ Charter and the promises made by the Police to the citizens.
Several participants and speakers voiced concern that there was an immediate need to change the attitude of police personnel. This is because only an alert civil society can ensure the police to provide proper service. Awareness also needs to be created amongst the public on the High Court and Supreme Court guidelines and directions of the National Human Rights Commission through seminars, workshops and publications.

Community Policing

However, these are still experiments in policing or in police -public interface. The need of the hour is to persuade the governments, the legislatures or municipalities that these efforts are not anecdotal but need institutionalization.
Area Committees had been set up in the district of Coimbatore to tackle the problem of communal violence after the bomb blasts of 1998. These committees were entrusted with the task of collecting intelligence with the regular interaction and cooperation of the local people.
The experiments were very successful in preventing law and order problems and generating faith and confidence in the community, in overcoming allegations of bias and high handedness through active involvement and participation of the people. Perhaps one reason for the success of the experiment in Kerala was that the political functionaries were kept outside the programme, the meetings of the committees took place in non controversial areas such as wards and streets and not at police stations. This programme helped in building police -public relationship.
The Kerala Police have several police-public contact programmes which were introduced in Trivandrum in the year 2000, and are known by the term “CAATCH” or "COMMUNITY ACTION AGAINST THIEF CULPRITS AND HOOLIGANS.” Under this scheme the resident associations meet regularly with the officers of the station and the commissioner of police once a month. This is a successful project and the response has been enthusiastic.
The community policing initiatives in the State have also been lined in a big way with the police reforms programme there. The Chief Minister and the then DGP Mr. K.J. Joseph had made a bold experiment of distancing the politicians from the police. Mr. Anthony had said that no politician should go to a police station with an undue request and no police officer would be transferred because an MLA had complained to the Chief Minister. This has built up the morale of the police. But there is a flip side to this experiment. All the MLAs were unhappy with Mr. Anthony.
However, the problem still remains when it is mentioned that the police needs to reach out to the community. But whom do they need to meet?

Traditionally there was the concept of prominent people in the village. This concept changes with time.

Today in Madhya Pradesh every district has a nodal officer for community policing and there is also a post for a senior officer at the police headquarters in the State.
In Madhya Pradesh, 17 initiatives have been taken so far in building policecommunity relations: gram raksha samitis, family counselling centres, deaddiction camps, nagar suraksha samitis, mobile police stations, help for the visually impaired, child friendly police, trauma managements, child line, verification of domestic help, care of senior citizens, victims assistance for weaker section and empowerment, help for physically challenged and regulation of private agencies.
Community policing in Kerala is seen as a productive collaboration between the police and community, which is used to identify and resolve community problems. This partnership helps in pin pointing and mitigating the underlying causes of crime by getting the community involved. This leaves the police with the more available resources for crime prevention activity.
There is a need to go towards decentralized policing where the beat system needs to be revived and sharing of powers is necessary by the senior inspector with the constables.
The effectiveness of the public contact programmes are critically dependent upon the adoption of objectives of the project by all the members the police organization. It is necessary for the police personnel at all levels to participate in such programmes.
A model for community policing has been developed by the Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) which needs to be debated more widely before this may be implemented.