THE GIST of Editorial for UPSC Exams : 02 JULY 2019 (Karnataka’s way (Indian Express))

Karnataka’s way (Indian Express)

Mains Paper 3: Economy
Prelims level : Digital land ownership
Mains level : Farm loan waviers system and process in Karnataka

Context

• The Karnataka government has released nearly Rs 8,357 crore as waiver amount to 20.40 lakh farmers against overdue crop loans of up to Rs 2 lakh till December 31, 2017.
• It expects to complete this scheme, covering some 41 lakh farmers, by the end of this fiscal.
• Karnataka is one of the few states with fully digitised records of land ownership, rights, tenancy and crop information.

Background

• Most states undertaking loan waivers have done so based on the lists given by banks.
• In many cases, the same farmer would have taken loans from multiple banks, thereby benefitting from waivers against all these accounts, even if the outstanding dues added up to beyond the announced limit.
• In Karnataka, however, the state government could match the data from banks with the land survey, Aadhaar and ration card numbers.
• It led to savings in double payments to around 5 lakh farmers and the waiver was limited to Rs 2 lakh per family against all their crop loan accounts.

Digital land ownership

• The Karnataka scheme reveals the promise held out by direct benefit transfers (DBT) — how they can be made in a practically foolproof manner to every farmer based on their Aadhaar-seeded bank accounts as well as digitised land ownership details.
• The next logical step should be to eliminate all farm subsidies and convert these into targeted DBTs or income support programmes.
• Ramesh Chand, Member of the NITI Aayog, has favoured such a transition that is justifiable from both an efficiency and equity standpoint.
• The Centre could take the lead here. Currently, its annual subsidy on food, fertiliser, crop loans and insurance premium, without accounting for rollovers and late payments, is over Rs 2,91,000 crore.
• In addition, state governments dole out subsidies through free/cheap farm power and water that would total another Rs 1,50,000 crore or so.

Conclusion

• Implementation of loan waiver in state points to possibility and promise of direct benefit transfer in helping farmers.
• The Union Budget can make a beginning by announcing a three-year phase-out plan for all fertiliser subsidies and capping yearly foodgrain procurement for the PDS to 50 million tonnes.
• The savings can be used to provide a flat Rs 5,000 per hectare to all farmers.
• A single DBT scheme, with income support under PM-Kisan, will serve India’s farmers better than iniquitous and market-distorting subsidies.

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Prelims Questions:

Q.1) With respect to “Dragonfly Mission”, recently seen in news, consider the following statements:
1. It will fly to dozens of promising locations on Titan looking for prebiotic chemical processes common on both Titan and Earth.
2. This will be the first time NASA will fly a multi-rotor vehicle for science on another planet.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both
D. None

Answer: C
Mains Questions:
Q.1) Why should fertilisers or electricity be given to farmers at rates that incentivise their inefficient consumption with attendant environmental costs?
Q.2) Why should the Food Corporation of India physically procure, store and distribute paddy or wheat way beyond the requirements of the PDS?