THE GIST of Editorial for UPSC Exams : 16 December 2019 (A band-aid (Indian Express))

A band-aid (Indian Express)

Mains Paper 2: Health
Prelims level: National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority
Mains level: Research and Development requires in the pharma sector rather the increase the essential price

Context:

• India’s drug regulator, the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA), used the public interest provision of the Drugs Prices Control Order 2013 to allow manufacturers to increase prices of 21 essential drugs by as much as 50 per cent.
• Most of these drugs are used to treat critical diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria and leprosy and are crucial to the country’s public health programme.

Concerns over raising the drug price:

• The decision of the regulatory authority usually known to slash prices of life-saving drugs was precipitated by an extraordinary situation.
• For nearly two years, drug manufacturers have been claiming inability to keep up with the country’s healthcare demands due to increasing costs of production.
• Easing the price ceiling could help the healthcare system tide over the current crisis. It may, as the NPPA has reasoned, “pre-empt a situation where the public is forced to switch to costlier alternatives”.
• But the drug regulator and the Department of Pharmaceuticals need to do much more to address the root cause for the shortage of critical drugs.

Scenario of India’s pharma industry:

• India’s pharma industry imports more than 60 per cent of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) or bulk drugs — ingredients that give medicine its therapeutic value — from China.
• In 2017, Chinese regulators cracked down on bulk drug manufacturing units for their failure to comply with the country’s environmental regulations.
• The revamped Chinese API industry has raised prices, leading to spin-off effects in India. For instance, the cost of making Vitamin C pills has gone up by more than 250 per cent since 2017.
• This has reportedly led to a 25-30 per cent shortage of this drug in India.
• The pharma major, Abbot, applied to the NPPA to discontinue production of the leprosy drug, Hansepran.
• The company pointed out that increasing costs of API imports had made the production of Hansepran unviable in India.

Importance of making medicines accessible:

• The importance of making medicines more accessible to those who need them cannot be overstated.
• Drug price control measures in India have not always achieved this objective.
• The ceiling on prices of 74 bulk drugs in 1995, for example, forced many companies to opt out of API production.
• The Draft Pharmaceutical Policy 2017 did propose correctives.
• These included giving preference to drugs produced from indigenously produced APIs in government procurement and taking them out of price control for five years.
• The draft talked about creating research and development facilities for API production.

Conclusion:

• The policy has not gone beyond the draft stage. It needs to be revisited in light of the country’s current medicine shortage.

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Prelims Questions:

Q.1) With reference to the NHAI's InvIT, consider the following statements:
1. It will be a Trust established by NHAI under Section 35 A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
2. It will be formed with an objective of investment primarily in infrastructure projects.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: B
Mains Questions:
Q.1) What are the key concerns over raising prices of essential drugs? Is there any urgency of investing more in R and D remains?