No right answer: On decision of reopening of schools(The Hindu)

Mains Paper 2:National 
Prelims level: Epidemiological studies
Mains level: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Education

Context: 

• The course of the COVID-19 pandemic remains far from predictable, posing for the Central government the dilemmaof salvaging part of the school academic year, while avoiding a fresh wave of infections. 
• The school reopening question has not been resolved satisfactorily in other parts of the world, and the measures by many countries have been experimental. 
• Yet, policymakers are aware of severe impacts to the education process, and the losses to students. 

Epidemiological studies:

• Epidemiological studies can never prove causation; that is, it cannot prove that a specific risk factor actually causes the disease being studied. Epidemiological evidence can only show that this risk factor is associated (correlated) with a higher incidence of disease in the population exposed to that risk factor.

Uncertainty:

• The alternative, of remote and online learning opportunities, is skewedby economic status and geography. 
• In India, the many divides — digital, rural-urban and rich-poor — have painfully come to the fore between regions and even within States. 
• There are instances of children left behind, without computer access, Internet connectivity, TV sets and even electricity. 
• The issue of reopening schools in a calibratedmanner must, therefore, be addressed soon, but based mainly on epidemiological evidence. 
• It is understandable that in the present confused situation, 21 out of 36 States and Union Territories including worst-affected Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu have not taken a view yet on when to permit direct classes. 
• States have also been asked to ascertain the opinion of parents on this issue, although it is unclear how they can do this in the short window given to them.

Diminishing basic rights:

• Among the Centre’s responses to the problem, initiated through organisations such as the CBSE, is a reduction of the syllabus load for Classes 9 to 12 by 30%. 
• Although this ostensibly supportive decision has become controversial for its choice of topics for removal: democratic rights, federalism, citizenship and secularism, to name a few. 
• There is a discernible trend of diminishing basic rights as a necessary sacrifice to fight the pandemic, but impoverishing the syllabus on these topics can only stunt social development. 
• Such decisions should be vetted by academic experts, and not imposed by bureaucratic fiat. 

Learning from countries:

• More fundamentally, if lessons are to be drawn from around the world on a back-to-school plan, a just-released large-scale study from South Korea would be useful. 
• Research findings from that country, which worked hard to contain the pandemic early, show that older children, between 10 and 19, transmit the virus as much as adults do. 
• The findings have been acknowledged by public health institutions in the U.S. as valuable, and offer a cautionary pointer to community spread among adults and vulnerable groups from older students. 
• On the other hand, the European experience, instanced by Denmark as far back as April, is that containment in the community has to precedeschool reopening. 
• The question is much more complex for India, as a society that has severe iniquities, and where students live in multi-generational homes. 

 Conclusion:

• Clearly, no early date can be set for a full reopening, and protocols on class size, distancing, ventilation of rooms, face coverings and even open air classes need to be evolved. 
• Meanwhile, developing remote education for measurable outcomes should be pursued actively, since future disruptions cannot be ruled out.
• The decision to reopen schools must be guided primarily by epidemiological evidence.

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Prelims Questions:

Q.1) Which of the following products received Geographical Indication Tags (GI Tags) in India?

1. Guntur Sannam Chilli
2. Etikoppaka Toys
3. Kondapalli Bommalu

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer: D

Mains Questions:

Q.1) The decision to reopen schools must be guided primarily by epidemiological evidence. Comment.