THE GIST of Editorial for UPSC Exams : 25 January 2020 (Justice for Rohingya: On International Court of Justice ruling (The Hindu))

Justice for Rohingya: On International Court of Justice ruling (The Hindu)

Mains Paper 2: International Relation
Prelims level : International Court of Justice
Mains level : Important international organisation and their disputes redressal mechanism

Context:

• The unanimous ruling of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), on Thursday, on the prevention of alleged acts of genocide against Rohingya Muslims has finally pinned legal responsibility on Myanmar’s government for the military’s large-scale excesses of 2017.

Highlights about the ruling:

• The Hague court’s stipulation that the civilian government of Ms. Suu Kyi submit an update, within four months, of the steps it has taken to preserve evidence of the systemic brutalities.
• Yangon has also been asked to furnish six-monthly reports thereafter, until the conclusion of the case, which relates to genocide accusations.
• The court has further emphasised that an estimated 600,000 Rohingya resident in Myanmar still remained highly vulnerable to attacks from the security forces.
• The ruling vindicates findings by the UN and human rights groups on the prevalence of hate speech, mass atrocities of rape and extra-judicial killings, and torching of villages in Myanmar’s Rakhine province, leading to the forced migration of thousands to Bangladesh.
• The ruling pertains to the Gambia’s suit on behalf of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), alleging that the brutalities by the defence services amounted to crimes of genocide under the 1948 Genocide Convention.
• Arguing the defence in person during the three-day public hearings last month, Ms. Suu Kyi, who was elected in 2016, insisted that the 2017 violence was proportionate to the threat of insurgency.
• She even questioned the Gambia’s standing to bring the suit, saying that there was no bilateral dispute.

Arguments from the Myanmar’s government:

• Rejecting the ICJ’s ruling, Myanmar’s Foreign Ministry has accused rights groups of presenting the Court with a distorted picture of the prevailing situation.
• In a statement, it defended the army’s action as a legitimate response to violations of the law by the insurgent Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army.
• However, the above claim is at odds with the findings this week of an Independent Commission of Enquiry established by the government.

Acknowledged by the commission:

• The Commission acknowledged that war crimes had indeed been committed during the military campaign, when about 900 people were killed.
• But there was nothing to back the assertions of gang-rape, or evidence to presume any intent of genocide, it held.
• Although it could take years before the court pronounces the final verdict in the genocide case, Thursday’s injunction is an important victory for the refugees languishing in Bangladeshi camps.

Way forward:

• It empowers the UN Security Council to prevail upon Myanmar to take appropriate measures for the rehabilitation and repatriation of displaced communities.
• As the biggest regional player, China could play a constructive role to ensure a speedy return to normalcy in its neighbourhood.
• India has its own interests in an amicable resolution of Myanmar’s internal dispute.
• Above all, finding closure to the current dispute would mark the completion of Myanmar’s return to civilian rule.

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Prelims Questions:

Q.1) With reference to the Irrawaddy dolphins, consider the following statements:
1. The population in Chilika is considered to be the highest single lagoonal population.
2. It is listed as vulnerable on IUCN Red list.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: A
Mains Questions:
Q.1) Describe the significance of the ICJ’s ruling on military excesses in Myanmar on Rohingya refugees. Do you think India can be benefitted by this ruling?