THE GIST of Editorial for UPSC Exams : 25 APRIL 2019 (Sri Lanka needs to contain fallout from blasts soon (Live Mint)

Sri Lanka needs to contain fallout from blasts soon (Live Mint)

Mains Paper 5 : International Relation
Prelims level : Sri Lanka Attack
Mains level : Terrorism and security related issues

Introduction

• The danger about the coordinated explosions in Sri Lanka on 21 April, Easter Sunday, which killed nearly 300 and injured several hundreds more, goes beyond a fading Islamic State, or Daesh, taking credit for an ideologically outsourced terror attack.
• The emotionally and politically fragile island nation is correctly concerned about backsliding into an ethno-religious mess that has long hobbled and bled Sri Lanka. Another concern: A domino effect in South Asia’s enduring ring of ethno-religious fire.
• On the face of it, it is being played as a revenge for an attack on mosques in New Zealand in March, during Friday prayers. Most of the explosions in Sri Lanka were triggered at churches and in hotels frequented by Westerners.

Ethnic groups

• The attack has been traced to operatives of the extremist National Thowheed Jamath, some factions of which are radicalized.
• The danger is in a blowback against the island’s Muslim community, which constitutes just 10% of the 21.5 million population.
• Buddhists account for a dash over 70%, Hindus a little under 13%, and Christians, largely Catholic, make up the remainder; those of other faiths are minuscule. Throw in the ethnic mix of Sinhalese (nearly 75%), Sri Lankan Tamils (11%-plus), Sri Lankan ‘Moors’ (a little over 9%), Indian Tamils (a community of tea garden workers who were brought in as labour, at just over 4%), and you have a tinderbox.

Background

• Anti-Muslim riots broke out in central Sri Lanka in March 2018.
• Though it was quickly contained, it was perceived as the ruling United National Party (UNP) turning a blind eye to Buddhist radicals alleged to have set it off.
• The traditionally right-wing party retains a tenuous majority through coalition in parliament.
• In late-2018, Sirisena triggered a constitutional crisis by dissolving the Sri Lankan parliament and calling for snap elections.
• The Supreme Court later cancelled the move. Parliamentary elections are due by late-2020, and presidential elections, which directly elect the president, early that year.
• Both parties, and that of Sirisena’s former mentor-turned foe-turned ally against Wickremasinghe, the former premier and, later, president, Mahinda Rajapaksa (who now heads a breakaway party, Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna), will be in the electoral fray.
• All will bank on the pivotal Sinhala Buddhist vote.
• In this backdrop, any fallout from the Easter Sunday attack needs to be contained quickly.
• The country has had several rocky decades.
• The 1983 anti-Tamil riots, spurred by Sinhala-Tamil tensions and violence, helped to birth Tamil nationalism and, later, the no-quarters Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).
• A 30-year war with LTTE wrecked the country.

Way forward

• The economy was growing at 4.5% a year and slowing. Inflation was at 20%-plus a year; the currency close to a free-fall.
• Bereft of donors like those that flocked in 2003 to aid a peace process that ultimately failed, Rajapaksa, who scripted the widely lauded but controversial victory, pursued a $1.9 billion bailout from International Monetary Fund.
• The Sri Lankan economy grew spectacularly for three years after the war. Growth has since slowed, hovering between 3% and 4% a year from 2017.
• Unemployment rates and inflation have improved over the decade, but the economy still remains vulnerable to public debt, profligacy and political turmoil.
• If politics takes the easier, though messier, route to victory, as elsewhere in Sri Lanka’s neighbourhood, pitching ethno-religious matters over development, tinder will again be lit.

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Prelims Questions:

Q.1) Which of the following is/are the possible significance for India to join in the Quadrilateral Grouping?
A. It provides New Delhi a powerful platform to advance its interests in Central Asia.
B. It will provide a powerful platform to advance Indian interest in region and strengthen Look East policy.
C. It will deepen India’s ties with US, Australia and Japan with benefits in diplomatic leverage and sharing of burden in defense.
D. It helps India to counter China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)

Answer: C

Mains Questions:
Q.1) The recent attack in Sri Lanka is a matter of concern in across the world suffering in the hands of terrorism. Comment.