THE GIST of Editorial for UPSC Exams : 28 January 2020 (Here’s looking at you (Indian Express))

Here’s looking at you (Indian Express)

Mains Paper 3 : Science and Tech
Prelims level : Automated facial recognition
Mains level : Advantages and Disadvantages of the automated facial recognition

Context:

• The debate on finding the right balance between regulation and promotion of emerging technologies comes in the wake of leaked plans of the EU to issue a temporary ban on the use of facial recognition technologies by private and public entities.
• The ban could be up to five years. The proposed ban is not a comprehensive one, and will be applicable to the use of facial recognition in public spaces.

Automated facial recognition:

• The new thinking on facial recognition is part of an EU white paper, likely to be issued next month, on guidelines to regulate the use of artificial intelligence and other digital technologies.
• The intensifying global debate also coincides with India’s own plans to roll out a massive project on deploying facial recognition technologies, essentially for law enforcement. The international discourse, hopefully, provides the context for developing a broad and effective Indian policy framework for the use of facial recognition.
• For nearly two decades, the idea that “digital is different” and does not need public oversight had triumphed in most capitals of the world.
• The main argument was that regulation constrains technological innovation and retards progress.
• The urge to regulate has triggered widespread concerns about the dangers of digitalisation, especially the use of big data and AI by private companies as well as governments.

Many facial recognition systems are biased:

• If companies were seen as monetising the data generated by the widespread use of digital platforms like Google and Facebook, China became the prime example of states using data and information to exercise ever more control over their citizens.
• Civil society groups, which saw both “surveillance capitalism” and “surveillance state” as evils of the digital age that threaten individual rights, began to press for legislative action at the provincial and municipal levels.
• These pressures from multiple directions have compelled the dominant technology companies to recognise that regulation is inevitable and that they should focus on shaping the outcomes.
• The technology companies also saw the need for some collective understanding at the international level for a set of universal rules for the conduct of digital business across the world. Microsoft’s promotion of a global code of conduct for the digital domain is an example.\
• Tech companies fear that too many constraints in democratic societies will weaken them against competition from China, where the party-state is actively developing and deploying AI.
• But no aspect of AI triggers greater anxiety than facial recognition technology, the use of which has become widespread. China’s use of facial recognition to track and control its Muslim citizens in Xinjiang to using the technology to control the prolonged protests in Hong Kong are at one end of potential concerns.

Is India ready for facial recognition technology?

• At the other end are concerns that facial recognition is not entirely accurate and could lead to punitive actions against innocent people. There is also concern in the US that the algorithms behind facial recognition carry the baggage of racism and misogyny that are inherent in the political culture shaping the development of technology.
• Few can deny some of the advantages of the use of facial recognition for governments in the control of crime, better border controls and countering terrorism.
• In India, a severely under-policed nation, facial recognition surely offers many benefits.
• It also remains a fact that the Indian state has always been tempted to empower itself against its citizens in the name of collective security.
• It has also tended to weaponise information against political opponents and dissidents.

Way ahead:

• Delhi’s statist impulses have also tended to stifle the role of the private sector in the development of new technologies and their innovative use.
• In the immediate post-war years, Delhi punched way above its weight in debates on the global governance of new technologies like nuclear and space.
• Its voice has become increasingly marginal in the digital era where the private sector is driving technological development.
• The foreign office must reclaim India’s place in the international discourse on AI and facial recognition and develop a productive alignment between India’s national interests and the development of new digital norms.

Conclusion:

• The government needs a more comprehensive domestic framework that promotes the use of new technologies for public good as well as imposes necessary constraints against their abuse by both state and capital.

  Online Coaching for UPSC PRE Exam

  General Studies Pre. Cum Mains Study Materials

Prelims Questions:

Q.1) With reference to the Nature Risk Rising Report, consider the following statements:
1. It was released by IUCN.
2. It is being developed under the umbrella of the Nature Action Agenda (NAA).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer: B
Mains Questions:
Q.1) What do you mean by the automated facial recognition system? Is India ready for facial recognition technology?