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THE GIST of Editorial for UPSC Exams : 29 August 2019 (Educational reforms require teachers to play a central role (Mint))

Educational reforms require teachers to play a central role (Mint)

Mains Paper 2: Governance
Prelims level: NEP
Mains level: Education reforms and role of NEP

Context

The late evening drizzle did not dampen the spirit of the teachers.
There were 45 of them, from public (government) schools around Chamba in Uttarakhand, gathered for a dialogue on the draft National Education Policy 2019 (NEP) at our Teacher Learning Centre.
At 7pm, no one seemed in a mood to end the session, having started at 5, though many of them had a long ride ahead back home along the winding mountain roads.

Background

During those two hours, the group discussed the NEP, often expressing how its aspects were resonant with their aspirations and hopes.
Their worry was how much of it will get implemented. Most of them did mention that given the size and expansive nature of the NEP document, they had read only those topics that were of interest to them.
Their one peeve seemed to be that with the introduction of breakfast at school for all students, in addition to the currently available “midday meal", they may have to spend more time supervising the kitchen—though they did acknowledge that breakfast was much needed for their students.

Key principles

Engage and motivated

The NEP gives the teacher the importance that she or he deserves in education. One key underlying principle of the policy is that education is a social-human process and, therefore, good education requires high-capacity, engaged teachers.
How can we expect teachers to remain engaged and motivated if the most basic physical working conditions are inadequate to appalling?
If they don’t have access to functioning toilets and running water, electricity supply is disrupted, and not even a small working space to themselves?
If we respect the profession of teaching, then it will first reflect in the education system providing them these basic things.

Adequacy learning resources

Their struggle to get even the most rudimentary of learning resources and material must be put to a stop.
All teachers will have adequate learning material to transact the curriculum. This ranges from books and experimental kits to pencils and paper.

Allocate for particular task

The teachers must not be given other tasks. They must be allowed to focus on their teaching and on their students.
Teachers will not be pulled out for other kinds of work such as surveys, distribution of public services, local elections, etc.
Repetitious data demands on the teacher from the system will be eliminated by intelligent use of information technology.

Maintain number of teacher

An adequate number of teachers will be appointed. Today, an estimated 2 million teaching jobs are vacant across the country, while we altogether have 9 million teachers.
That’s a large deficit. Teachers are handling more students than they can, across multiple grades, and often teaching subjects that they have themselves not studied. This will be addressed immediately.

Not discriminatory service conditions

The teachers must not face discriminatory service conditions. Lakhs of “para-teachers" across the country perform the same role as other teachers in their schools, but get paid half to one-fourth.
All such cadres of teachers will be regularized given service conditions and compensation equivalent to other teachers, after going through the relevant qualifications where required.
Also, compensation and service conditions will be equalized across primary to high school.

Provided support for professional development and growth

The teachers will be provided support for professional development and growth. This will be based on their own needs and not driven by some centralized, impersonal system.
This will entail providing sustained high-quality education and opportunities for peer learning.
It will also mean objective assessment of their work and recognition for good work, enabled by development-oriented supervision.
This in turn will be enabled by appropriate capacity development of school leaders and other leaders of the education system.

Culture of the education system

The culture of the education system including in schools will be based on trust, and will empower and enable teachers.
It will foster creativity and initiative, and curricular innovation.
Teachers will be treated as valued professionals, not as the bottom-most rung in the vast government hierarchy. This will reflect in the daily behaviour of the education system’s leaders.

Teacher preparation system

The teacher preparation system (B. Ed), which has about 18,000 teacher education institutions (TEI), will be overhauled to eliminate rampant corruption and dysfunction; TEIs that are nothing more than “degree-selling-shops" will be shut down.
The curricula will be re-imaginedappropriate to the complex and critical role that teachers play, and all TEIs will have high-quality teaching-learning.

Conclusion

All this is music to the ear of teachers, as it should be.
And, therefore, the natural question is whether all this will get implemented.
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Prelims Questions:

Q.1) With reference to the External Commercial Borrowing, consider the following statements:
1. Recently Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has liberalised the end-use stipulations for the External Commercial Borrowings both for corporates as well as liquidity starved non-banking lenders.
2. External Commercial Borrowings refers to commercial loans which can be only in the form of bank loans and bonds availed from non-resident lenders with a minimum average maturity of 3 years.

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2