Electrical Engineering (Optional Subjects)

Paper-I

1. Circuit Theory: Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods: nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis: RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady stateanalysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits; Two-port networks.

2. Signals & Systems: Representation of continuous–time and discrete-time signals & systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.

3. E.M. Theory: Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflection and refraction of plane waves. Transmission line: travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart.

4. Analog Electronics: Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits: clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers: single and multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Linear and switching power supplies.

5. Digital Electronics: Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).

6. Energy Conversion: Principles of electromechanical energy conversion: Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines: characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors; Transformers: principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines: characteristics and preformance analysis; speed control.

7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives: Semiconductor power devices: diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET–static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters: fully-controlled and half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DC-DC converters; Switch mode inverter; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable-speed drives.

8. Analog Communication: Random variables: continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statistical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise: white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation: Amplitude modulation: DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation: PM & FM signals; narrowband FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. CW modulation system: Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.

Paper-II

1. Control Systems: Elements of control systems; block-diagram representation; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. Control system components. LTI systems: time-domain and transform-domain analysis. Stability: Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bode-plots and polar plots, Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable representation and analysis of control systems.

2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers: PC organisation; CPU, instruction set, register set, timing diagram, programming, interrupts, memory interfacing, I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.

3. Measurement and Instrumentation: Error analysis; measurement of current, voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurement. Signal conditioning circuit; Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyzer, distortion-meter. Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-gauge, piezo-electric crystal.

4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control: Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concept of system stability: swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission.

5. Power System Protection: Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit breakers. Computer aided protection: Introduction; line bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.

6. Digital Communication: Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding: error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes. Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.

Suggested Reading

• Paper-I

1. Electrical Circuits
a) Electrical Circuits – 1&2by Nasser, Schaum Series
b) Electrical Circuits by Chakraborty
c) Network Analysis by Vanvulkenberg
d) Electrical Circuits by Hast & Kimberly, TMH Series.
2. Electromagnetic Theory
a) Field Theory by K.A. Gangadhar
b) Electromagnetic Waves by Jordan & Balmian
c) Electromagnetic Theory by Saddique, Oxford Publications
3. Microwaves and Antennas
a) Microwaves by Kulakarni
b) Microwaves by Liu, PHI Publications
c) Electromagnetic Theory by Saddique, Oxford Publications.
d) Electromagnetic Waves by Jordan & Balmian.
4. Analog Communication
a) Communication Systems, 2nd Edition, by Simon Haykins.
b) Analog and Digital Communications by K. Sam Sanmugam
c) Analog and Digital Communications, Schaum Series
d) Communication Systems by Kennedy.
5. Analog Electronics
a) Micro electronics by Milliman and Grabel.
b) Integrated Electronics by Milliman and Halkius
c) Pulse, Digital & Switching Waveforms by Taub abd Schilling
d) Op-amps by Roy Chowdhury
e) Op-Amps by Gaykwad
6. Digital Electronics
a) Digital Design by Morris Mano.
b) Switching theory and Logical Design by Kohavi.
c) Digital Electronics by R P Jain.
7. Electrical Machines
a) Electrical Machines by P.S. Bhimbra
b) Generalised theory of Machines by P.S. Bhimbra
c) Electrical Machines by Nagrath and Kothari
8. Power electronics and electrical drives
a) Power Elctronics by P.S.Bhimbra
b) Power Electronics by Rushid
c) Electrical Drives by G.K. Dubey
9. Signals and Systems
a) Signals and Systems by Oppenheim & Schaber
b) Digital Signal Processing by Proakis, Maholanakis
c) Digital Signal Processing by oppenheim & Willsky
d) Signals and Systems, Schaum Series.

• Paper-II

1. Control Systems
a) Modern Control Systems by Nagrath and Gopal
b) Control Systems by B C Kuo.
2. Electrical Measurements
a) Electrical Measurements and Measuring Instruments by A K Sawhney.
b) Electronic Measurements by Cooper & etc., PHI Publications.
3. Power System Operation & Control
a) Power System Analysis by C L Wadhwa
b) Power Systems by Nagrath and Kothari
c) Power Systems by Ashfaq Hussein
d) Modern Power System Analysis by Nagrath
e) Power Systems by Sunil S Rao (for topics like RTU, SCADA, FACTS etc.)
4. Power System Protection
a) Power System Protection by Badri Ram and Vishwa Karma, TMH Publications
b) Power Systems by C L Wadhwa
c) Power Systems by Nagrath and Kothari
5. Non Conventional Energy resources
a) Non-conventional Energy Resources by G.D.Rai, Khanna Publicaions.
6. IC Fabrication and Technology
a) Microelectronics by Milliman and Grabel
b) Linear Integrated Circuits by Roy Chowdhury.
7. Radar, Satellite and TV
a) Microwaves by Kulakarni.
b) Communication Systems by Kennedy.
c) Satellite Engineering by John Wiley Publications.
8. Microprocessors
a) 8085Microprocessor by Ramesh S Goankar
b) 8086 Microprocessor by Hall, TMH Publications.
9. Fibre Optic Communication
a) Fibre Optic Communications by Senior, PHI Publications
10. Digital Communications
a) Analog & Digital Communications by K Sam Sanmugam
b) Analog & Digital Communications by Schum Series
c) Digital Communications by Simon Haykin
11. Electrical Engineering Materials
a) Electrical Engineering Materials by Seth & Gupta
b) Electrical Engineering Materials by Dekker.