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Sample Materials for CSAT Paper -1 (G.S.) Pre 2013: "Environment & Ecology: Wind Energy Programme in India"
Sample Materials From Our Study Notes for CSAT Paper -1 (G.S.) Pre 2013
Subject: Environment and Ecology
Topic: Wind Energy Programme in India
The Wind power programme in India was initiated towards the end of the Sixth Plan, in 1983-84. A market-oriented strategy was adopted from inception, which has led to the successful commercial development of the technology. The broad based National programme includes wind resource assess-ment activities; research and development support; implementation of demonstration projects to create awareness and opening up of new sites; involvement of utilities and industry; development of infrastructure capability and capacity for manufacture, installation, operation and maintenance of wind electric generators; and policy support. The programme aims at catalyzing commercialisation of wind power generation in the country. The Wind Resources Assessment Programme is being implemented through the State Nodal Agencies, Field Research Unit of Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM-FRU) and Center for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET).
Wind in India are influenced by the strong south-west summer monsoon, which starts in May-June, when cool, humid air moves towards the land and the weaker north-east winter monsoon, which starts in October, when cool, dry sir moves towards the ocean. During the period march to August, the winds are uniformly strong over the whole Indian Peninsula, except the eastern peninsular coast. Wind speeds during the period November to march are relatively weak, though higher winds are available during a part of the period on the Tamil Nadu coastline.
A notable feature of the Indian programme has been the interest among private investors/developers in setting up of commercial wind power projects. The gross potential is 48,561 MW (source C-wet) and a total of about 14,158.00 MW of commercial projects have been established until March 31, 2011.
Study Notes of G.S. Paper 1 for Civil Services Preliminary Examination 2013 will cover :-
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The break-up of projects implemented in prominent wind potential states (as on March 31, 2011) is as given below
State-wise Wind Power Installed Capacity In India:
State |
Gross Potential (MW) |
Total Capacity (MW) till 31.03.2011 |
Andhra Pradesh |
8968 |
200.2 |
Gujarat |
10,645 |
2175.6 |
Karnataka |
11,531 |
1730.1 |
Kerala |
1171 |
32.8 |
Madhya Pradesh |
1019 |
275.5 |
Maharashtra |
4584 |
2310.7 |
Orissa |
255 |
– |
Rajasthan |
4858 |
1524.7 |
Tamil Nadu |
5530 |
5904.4 |
Others |
|
4 |
Total (All India) |
48,561 |
14,158 |
*Recently revised by state Government to 5200 MW
Wind power potential has been assessed assuming 1% of land availability for wind farms requiring @12 ha/MW in sites having wind power density in excess of 200 W/sq.m. at 50 m hub-height
State-Wise Cumulative Wind Generation Data in (BU) (As on 31.01.2011):
S. No. |
Name of the State |
Upto 2005 |
2005-06 |
2006-07 |
2007 -08 |
2008 -09 |
2009 -10 |
Up to Jan. 2011 |
Cumulative |
1 |
Andhra Pradesh |
0.721 |
0.079 |
0.111 |
0.101 |
0.333 |
.106 |
.067 |
1.518 |
2 |
Gujarat |
1.332 |
0.286 |
0.455 |
0.851 |
2.104 |
2.988 |
2.309 |
10.325 |
3 |
Karnataka |
1.409 |
0.935 |
1.397 |
1.840 |
1.723 |
2.895 |
2.362 |
12.561 |
4 |
Kerala |
0.047 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
0.000 |
.065 |
.059 |
0.171 |
5 |
Madhya Pradesh |
0.300 |
0.030 |
0.070 |
0.069 |
0.003 |
.082 |
.039 |
0.593 |
6 |
Maharashtra |
2.650 |
0.790 |
1.714 |
1.804 |
2.207 |
2.778 |
2.368 |
14.311 |
7 |
Rajasthan |
0.494 |
0.427 |
0.532 |
0.682 |
0.758 |
1.127 |
1.049 |
5.069 |
8 |
Tamil Nadu |
11.970 |
3.444 |
5.268 |
6.066 |
6.206 |
8.146 |
8.017 |
49.117 |
|
Total |
18.925 |
5.991 |
9.547 |
11.413 |
13.334 |
18.187 |
16.270 |
93.665 |
Installed Capacity Per State (MW)
State |
March 2011 |
March 2010 |
March 2009 |
March 2008 |
March 2007 |
March 2006 |
Tamilnadu |
5904.4 |
4907 |
4304.5 |
3873.4 |
3492.7 |
2894.6 |
Karnataka |
1730 |
1473 |
1327.4 |
1011.4 |
821.1 |
584.5 |
Maharashtra |
2310.8 |
2078 |
1938.9 |
1755.9 |
1487.7 |
1001.3 |
Rajasthan |
1524.8 |
1088 |
738.4 |
538.8 |
469.8 |
358.1 |
Andhra Pradesh |
200.2 |
236 |
122.5 |
122.5 |
122.5 |
121.1 |
Madhya Pradesh |
275.5 |
229 |
212.8 |
187.7 |
57.3 |
40.3 |
Kerala |
32.8 |
28 |
27.0 |
10.5 |
2 |
2 |
Gujarat |
2175.5 |
1864 |
1566.5 |
1252.9 |
636.6 |
338 |
Others |
0 |
4 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
Total |
14158 |
11807 |
10242.3 |
8754.0 |
7090.8 |
5341 |
Test Your Knowledge
1.Consider the
following statements
Which of the above statements is/are true ?
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Answer of Question 1: C