IGNOU HISTORY Study Notes for IAS, UPSC Exams

History Of China and Japan (1840-1949)

Kiangsi Soviet Experience

Structure

33.0 . Objectives
33.1 Introduction
33.2 The Background
33.3 Evaluation of a New Strategy by the CPC *
33.4 Their Early Measures and Revolutionary Actions
33.5 The Kiangsi Soviet Republic
33.6 New Political Set-up in the Kiangsi Base
33.7 The Red Army's Role
33.8 Political Consciousness and Social Advance
33.9 The Urban Milieu
33.10 The Defeats
33.11 Let Us Sum Up
33.12 Key Words
33.13 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises

33.0 OBJECTIVES

After reading this Unit you will:

• be able to understand the policies adopted by Kiangsi Soviet ,and how these policies were different from those of the Kuomintang,
• be able to know the strategy adopted by the Communist Party of China (CPC) to lead a countrywide peasant movement,
• come to realize how the struggle betwee; the Kuomintang and Communist Party was a struggle for two different societies,
• get familiar with the efforts pursued at Kiangsi to establish a democratic social order, and
• be familiar with the reasons for Kiangsi Soviet's failure.

33.1 INTRODUCTION

The manner in which the United Front was broken in 1927 effectively ensured that
Chinese politics in the ensuing years developed along two separate and distinct lines.
During the period of the United Front both the KMT and the CPC stood on the
side of political change and social transformation. After the break up, the KMT
representing the Chinese government based at Nanking, became an instrument of the
established order. The CPC continued to struggle for revolutionary change of which
a radical agrarian reform was the main component. It, moreover. adopted a strategy
which included control over specific areas or bases where its policies could be
implemented. For all practical purposes, therefore, the social history of the areas
controlled by the CPC was different from that of the areas controlled by the
Nanking based KMT. This continued until 1947 when the whole of China was
liberated from the imperialist yoke. The liberation struggle, through its various
stages, also marked the simultaneous growth of the Commuiiist movement in China.
National liberation and the Communist victory were the twin achievements and
national liberation was accompanied by social transformation along the lines
envisaged by the Communists. The Kiangsi Soviet, a red "base" or area of con!rol
under the Communists from 1928 to 1932, was the first experiment in theimplementation of the policies of the CPC. It is significant because of the political
lessons that the CPC learnt from this experience. 

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