IGNOU HISTORY NOTES : History Of Modern Europe (Mid 18th to 20th Centuries)- INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM IN FRANCE AND GERMANY

IGNOU HISTORY Study Notes for IAS, UPSC Exams

History Of Modern Europe Mid 18th to Mid 20th Centuries

INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM IN FRANCE AND GERMANY

Structure

10.0 Objectives

10.1 Introduction
10.2 France
10.3 The Eighteenth Century Background
103.1 Agriculture
10.3.2 Trade, [ndustry and Manufacture
10.4 The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Period
10.4 1 The Attack on Privilege
10.4.2 The Impact of War and Tel~itorial Expansion
10.4.3 Protectionism and its Consequences under the Restoration and Orleanist ~onarchles (1815-48)
10.5 Industrial Capitalism 1848-70
10.6 Further Development of Industrial Capitalism 187 1- 19 14
10.7 Germany
10 7.1 Agriculture in the 18Ih Century
10.7.2 Trade and Manufacture in the I 8Lh Century
10.8 Sources of Change
10.8.1 Legislation of the Rcvolutionaly and Napoleonic Period
10.8.2 The Zollvere~n
10.8.3 The Ra~lways
10.8.4 The Growth of Joint Stock Ranks
10.9 Growth after 187 1
10.10 LetUs SumUp
10.1 1 Key Words
10.12 Answers to Check Your Progress ~xercises

10.0 OBJECTIVES

After reading this unit you should be able to:

• make out a different pattern of industrialisation in Germany and France as compared to England,
• make out that inspite of commercialization of agriculture both in France and Germany, the
• marked feature here was a peasantry tied to the land. Thls definitely limited the mobility of surplus population released from land for industry. and
• make out that the emerging industrial bourgeoisie In France and Germany was.heavlly dependent on the state.

10.1 INTRODUCTION

The development of industrial capitalism in France and Germany in the eighteenth and
nineteenth centuries was directly influenced by the character of industrial capitalism in
England. However, in its intensity and in the factors wh~ch were crucial to it, there were
important variations. As in early eighteenth century England, major enclaves of commercial
activity existed in the territories of the French crown and in the German states in mideighteenth century; and this was true of Spain, Italy and the Netherlands. These enclaves
must be associated with the processes generated by the commercial "world system" of the
previous three centuries and the complexity of material life, which had produced demands that
were being satisfied by production on capitalist lines. For various reasons, however,
industrial capitalisni in such "enclaves" did not develop as the equivalent in London,
Liverpool, Bristol and Manchester did, during 1740-1840, although, in the case of France. the
Netherlands, Rhineland, Germany etc., they were surrounded by agriculture which was as
specialized and sophisticated as English agriculture. 

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