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IGNOU HISTORY NOTES : India History From Mid 18th to Mid 19th Century - British Expansion Beyond Indian Frontiers

IGNOU HISTORY Study Notes for IAS, UPSC Exams

History India From Mid 18th to Mid 19th Century

British Expansion Beyond Indian Frontiers

Structure

12.0 Objectives
12.1 Introduction
12.2 East India Company's Trade
12.2.1 Tradc with India
12.2.2 Tradc with China
12.2.3 General Causes of Expansion
12.3 Straits Settlements
12.3.1 Penang
12.3.2 Sumatra
12.3.3 Singapore
12.3.4 Straits Settlements-Cmwn colony
12.4 Burma
12.4.1 Anglo-Burmese War-I
12.4.2 Anglo-Burmese War-ll
12.5 Lesser Settlements :
12.5.1 Borneo and Phillipincs
12.5.2 Andaman and Nicobar
12.5.3 Sri Lanka
12.5.4 Mauritius
12.6 Nepal
12.7 Afghanistan
12.8 Let Us Sum Up
12.9 Key Words
12.10 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises

12.0 OBJECTIVES

This Unit aims to acquaint you with the story of English colonial expansion outside
India. It involves a brief description of colonising efforts and an explanation as to
how and why this happened. After you have read this Unit you would:
learn the general causes of the English trade and expansion outside India
discover how and where the East lndia Company expanded thew influence, and
understand how in the areas they did not directly capture, they still wielded
considerable influence.

12.1 INTRODUCTION

In earlier Units you have already read about the nature of imperialism. You have
also read about the manner in which the resources of Bengal were used to conquer
the rest of lndia and enrich the owners of the East lndia Company. This Unit hopes
to make you more familiar with the constant expansion that characterises
colonialism, and the use of the wealth of one colony to'expand and consolidate
control over another.
The East India Company used the resources of India to consolidate its position over
the lands of South and South-East Asia. Using India as a base, English control
during the period 1757-1857, was established from Sri Lanka in the South,
~auritius in the South-West, Afghanistan in the North-West, Nepal in the North, to
.Andaman and Nicobar, Burma, Malaya, and Phillipines in the South-East. Only
mainland Asia-China, Siam, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam-was left relatively
untouched. But there too, as in the case of China, the English wielded considerable
influence after 1842.