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IGNOU HISTORY NOTES : Modern India - GROWTH OF TRADE UNON AND PEASANT MOVEMENT: 1920s-1930s

IGNOU HISTORY Study Notes for IAS, UPSC Exams

Modern India 1857-1964

GROWTH OF TRADE UNON AND PEASANT MOVEMENT: 1920s-1930s

Structure
28.0 Objectives
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Condition of the Workers
28.3 Rise of Trade Unionism
28.3.1 Meaning of Trade Unionism
28.3.2 Early History
28.3.3 Formation of All India Trade Union Congress
28.4 Growth of Trade Unions
28.5 Split in the ATUC
28.6 New Phase
28.7 Hardships of the Peasantry
28.8 Peasant Movements During 1920s
28.9 Peasant Movements During 1930s
28.10 Formation of All India Kisan Sabha
28.11 The Congress and the Peasantry
28.12 Let Us Sum Up
28.13 Key Words
28.14 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises

28.0 OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this unit is to give you a short history of the growth of "Trade Union and Peasant Movements" in India during the 1920s and 1930s . After going through this unit you will be able to: know about the condition of the workers, understand the meaning to Trade Unionism, its early history and the formation of the All India Trade Union Congress, follow the process of development of trade union movement and the split which took place at the later stage, know about the 9ardships faced by the peasantry, and explain how peasant movements emerged in various parts of the country and how the peasants were organised in Kisan Sabhas.

28.1 INTRODUCTION

In Unit 7 of Block 2 you have read about the peasants and the working class movements in the second half of the 19th century. In this unit we will explain to you the growth of Trade Union and Peasant Movements during the 1920's and 1930's. We will first take up the Trade Union Movement and after that the Peasant Movement. You have already seen how the exploitation and oppression by the colonial government, landlords and mill owners led to popular uprisings of the peasantry and the workers during the second half of the 19th century. During the first half of the 20th century you will see how these movements gradually got an organisational character and pressurized the colonial regime to change its policy. Some important points you should bear in mind for this change in the character of the working class and peasant movements of this period: the emergence of new trends in the national movement-particularly, the shift to mass politics and mass mobilisation, the economic and social concequences of the First World War which adversely affected different sections of the Indian people, and the impact of Bolshevik Russia and the growth of socialist ideas in India.