IGNOU HISTORY Study Notes for IAS, UPSC Exams

 Modern India 1857-1964

PLANNING AND INDUSTRIALIZATION IN INDIA

Structure
38.0 Objectives
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Industrial Structure at Independence
38.2.1 Three Phases of Colonial Rule
38.2.2 Marginal Growth
38.2.3 Weaknesses and Constraints
38.3 Early Perceptions on the Role of Planning
38.4 Home Market and Industrial Development
38.4.1 Limits of the Home Market
38.4.2 The Bombay Plan
38.5 Post-Independence Initiatives
38.5.1 The IPR 1948
38.5.2 The IPR 1956
38.5.3 Ao Assessment of Early Initiatives
38.6 Understanding the Stimulus for Industrial Growth
38.7 Objectives of Planning and Implementation
38.7.1 Role of Control and Regulation
38.7.2 The Second Plan Model
38.8 Changes in Industrial Structure, Growth and Policy
38.8.1 Decline in the Rate of Growth
38.8.2 Why this Decline?
38.8.3 The Policy Constraints Argument
38.8.4 The Structural Constraints Arguments
38.9 The Ownership and Control of Industry
38.9.1 The Early Monopolies
38.9.2 Attempts to Control Monopoly
38.9.3 Attempts to Restrict Foreign Capital
38.9.4 Development of Small Scale Enterprise
38.10 Industry and Planning: An Assessment
38.11 Let Us Sum Up
38.12 Key Words
38.13 Answers to Check-Your Progress Exercises

38.0 OBJECTIVES

After reading this unit you will get to know:

• briefly about the background of economic and industrial development in India;
• about some early perceptions of planning in India;
• about some basic concepts which went into the understanding of planning;
• about the post-independence initiatives in planning;
• about the developmelpt of plan models;
• about the constraints economic planning has faced in India and the different viewpoints regarding these constraints.

38.1 INTRODUCTION

In the earlier Units you read about the way Indian economy suffered underdevelopment during the British rule. As we saw that economic development that took place was inspite of the British rule. The overall constraints placed by the colonial rule were removed by the Indian independence in 1947. How to tackle the problems of an underdeveloped economy was the next, question. For this a remarkable coincidence of Views between the progressive nationalists and the Indian industrialists emerged. Both agreed that the path of planned economic development would be helpful both to repair the damages to the ex-colonial Indian economy and help Indian economy to chart out its new course of development. Jn this unit we will attempt to assess this new path of development with the historical background in mind.

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