Sample Materials for CSAT Paper -1 (G.S.) Pre 2013: "Environment and Ecology: 1997 - RIO+5 Conference, New York"

Subject: Environment and Ecology
Topic: 1997 - RIO+5 Conference, New York

1997: RIO+5 Conference, New York

The Rio+5 Conference was the first comprehensive status review of work to implement the UNCED’s agreements. This Conference aimed to revive and strengthen commitment to sustainable development, ascertain failures and identify the reasons in each case, recognize achievements, set priorities and determine problems that had not been addressed sufficiently in Rio. The description of sustainable development in Agenda 21 called for a total shift in the status quo of prevalent value systems and institutional processes. Such global change could never have occurred over night. When progress was assessed at Rio+5 (New York, 1997) a number of gaps were identified, particularly with regards to social equity and poverty. This was largely reflected by falling levels of official development assistance (ODA) and growing international debt along with failures to improve technology transfer, capacity building for participation and develop-ment, institutional coordination, and reduce excessive levels of production and consum-ption. The review meeting called for the ratification, reinforcement and stronger implementation of the growing number of international agreements and conventions which refer to environment and development. In the prepartory process in the lead up to the conferece a multi-stakeholder consultation took place.

Answer of Question 1: B

Answer of Question 2: C