(IGP) IAS Pre: GS - Geography - World Geography General: Asia

• An extension of the volcanic Kamchatka Peninsula

• An example of submerged island.

• A disputed group of islands claimed by China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan, Philippines, Brunei because of the vast reserves of oil beneth these islands

Luzon.

• The largest and the important island of the Philippines is known as the ‘Rice Bowl of Philippines’.

• Mount Mayon, the only active volcano of the Philippines, is located in the Luzon.

• Good quality cigar tobaco is grown in the northern Luzon (mainly Cagayan Valley).

• Igorot tribe lives in the northern region of island. Mindano Island

• Second largest island located in southern part of the Philippines.

• Mount Apo, a dormant volcano on Mindano, is the
  country’s highest peak.

• One of the great shipping corridors of the world

• Lies to the north of Indo Gangetic Plain, is an example of mountain range which formed in the same age with same process.
• An example of fold mountain of Alpine orogeny.
• Mount Everest (8,848 m) is the highest peak, located in Nepal.

• Lies in the north of the Himalaya.
• Godwin Austen (K2) is the highest peak of Karakoram

• East of Karakoram Range in Tibet.

• Lies to the north of Tibet Plateau and to the South of the desert basin of Tarim in China.

• Lies to the north of Tarim basin

• The Tien Shan extends to the north east and reaches the Amur River under the name of Great Khingan Mountains.

Hangay Mountain Sayan Mountain

• Lies to the north of Tienshan in succession in a more or less east-west direction.

• Lies to the north east of Atlai Range in the eastern Siberia.

• Lies to the east of the Lena River separates Central Siberian Plateau from the eastern Siberian regio.

• The Irrawaddy and Sittang are divided in their middle course by this mountain range.

• Running southwards, is the western range of Myanmar.
• A range of the Himalaya which further countinues through the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Sumatra, Java and other Indonesian islands.

• Running westwards from the Pamir Knot to the Elburz Mountains in Iran.

• Hindukush Mountain joins the Armenian Knot near the Caspian Sea under the name of Elburz Mountains in Iran.

• It proceeds southwards from the Pamir Knot along the border between Pakistan and Afganistan.
• The most famous pass across this mountain wall is the Khyber, linking Pakistan with Afghanistan.

• Sulaiman Range takes the name of Kirthan in the south.

• Kirthan Range turns westward on the Arabian Sea coast and assumes the name of Makran.

• Running to the northwest of Makran, ultimately ends up in the Armenian Knot.

• Running to the northwest of Armenian Knot in Turkey.

• Running to the southwest of Armenian Knot along the Mediterranean coast in Turkey.

• Lies between the Karakoram in the north and the Himalayas in the south.

• Enclosed to the south by the Himalays, to the north by the Kunlun Shan Range is the highest tableland (4,800 m) of Tibet.
• The largest plateau in the world with an average altitude of 4,250 m.

• Lies to the southeast of the Tibet Plateau is separated from the fertile Szechuan basin by the range of mountains.

• An intermontane desert basin lies between the Tienshan in the north and Kunlun Shan in the south.
• Convectie and ‘Karaburan’ blows in the arid regions.

• Situated to the northwest of the Indian sub-continent.
• Meeting point for the central Asian mountain ranges which make up the skeleton of the continent.
• The highest plateau of the world with an altitude of 4,900 m is also known as ‘roof of the world’.

• Situated between the Caspian Sea and Black Sea.
• Pamir-like plateau from where many mountain ranges spread out, therefore called the Armenian Knot.

• The central desert plateau of Iran is enclosed by Zagros in the south and west and Elburz in the north.

• A high plateau between 1,500 and 1,800 m above sea level, is situated between the Khinghan in the east, Altunshan and Tien Shan in the south, Altai in the west and Yablonovy in the north.

• Lies to the west of Mongolian Plateau.

• Lies to the north west of Stanovoy Mountain

• Region of Southeast Asia, extends over Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Myanmar.

• Lies between Pegu Yoma and Arkan Yoma in the eastern part of Myanmar.
• The Salween River flows through the plateau.
• Region important for precious stone (Rubies), silver, lead, and tin and tungsten.

• Lies to the south of Indo Gangetic plain, between the Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats.
• North western part of Deccan Plateau is an example of lava Plateau or Plateau of accumulation

• A desert plateau (900 m high) situated to the west of Kirthar Range

• An example of titled block extending over the entire Arabian Peninsula.

• Enclosed between Pontic Mountain Ranges in the north west and Tauras in the south west.
• A vast plateau with an average height of 1,200 m, broken by ridges and volcanic outcrops.
• The main rivers draining off the plateau are Tigris and Euphrates.

• The Plateau region is surrounded by Great Plain in the east, Qining Mountains in the south and Ordos Plateau in the north.
• Loess is the wind borne fine dust, deposited beyond the deserts limits and is the fine loam, rich in lime.
• Shansi and Shensi region of loess plateau is known for its extensive coal reserves.
• The Hwang Ho flows through loess land.

• Relatively low lying land between the Tien Shan and Altai Range in Mongolia.
• A sort of door between China and Mongolia in the east and Tarim lowland in the west.

• Formed by the Tigris and Euphrates River in Iraq.
• One of the major regions where wheat, barley, tobacco and cotton is grown.

• Situated to the southeast of Mongolians Plateau and extends into China.
• Aridity due to interior location shows the features of undulating sand sea as well as barren sheets or rock and stone.

• Formed by the Amur River and its tributaries in the northern part of China.
• Important cities Anshan, Shenyag and Fushun of Mukden Triangle are located.

• Formed by the Hwang-Ho and Yangtze Kiang Rivers in the eastern China.

• Formed by the two principal Asian rivers, the Amu Darya and Syr Darya.
• It is an example of Basin plain which covers the region of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.

• It extends over 3,200 km eastwards from the Urals to the Yenisey River and is one of the largest lowlands in the world.

• Lies between Altun Shan and Kunlun Shan and to the north east of Central Tibetan Plateau
• The major region of oil fields.

• Situated to the north of Yunan Plateau is the fertile basin where the Yangtze Kiang River is joined by three major tributaries known as the Red Basin because of its coloured sandstone.
• Red basin of Szechuan is the leading rice producing region and is called the ‘Rice Bowl of China’.

THE DESERT LANDSCAPE OF SAUDI ARABIA

• Largest continuous sand desert in the southern part of Saudi Arabia.
• It is also called ‘Empty Quarter’.

• Deserts land in the north eastern region of Saudi Arabia.

THE DESERT LANDSCAPE OF IRAN

• Largest Salt desert of the world situated in the northern Iran.

• Barren desert of Iran situated in the eastern part of country.

• Located in the southern part of eastern Siberia and to the west of Yablonovy Range in Russia.
• Source of the Lena River.
• It is the deepest continental body of water on Earth having a maximum depth of 1,620 m.

• Located in Kazakhastan.
• North of the Lake is Karaganda coal basin.

• Located between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
• Two principal Asian rivers, the Amu Darya and Syr Darya flow through semi arid depression into the sea.

• The largest lake of Turkey.
• One of the saltiest lake in the world.

• The northernmost extent of East African Rift Valley.
• Located in the Anatolia Peninsula of Turkey.

• Located in Syria.

• It is an example of rift valley lake which lies along the West Bank of Jordan.
• One of the deepest points of Asia is the world’s lowest lake.
• The Jordan river flows into the Dead Sea, which has no outlet, and evaportation balances the inflow

• Lava flow blocked the Jordan Valley and formed an elongated lake in Israel.
• The lave-blocked lake is linked to the Dead Sea through the Jordan River.

• Located in central lowland of Cambodia.

• Situated in Sumatra (Indonesia).
• An example of crater of caldera lake.

• Salt lake in China, site of numerous nuclear testing.
• Tarim river drains into the lake.

• The largest lake in the world which is five times larger than the Lake Superior.
• It separates Europe from Asia.

NORTH FLOWING RIVERS FROM WEST TO EAST IN RUSSIA

Tributaries : Irtysh, Tobolsk

Tributary : Sungari River.

• Forms a well defined border between North Korea and the Eastern Russia

• It is the longest river of Asia.
• It flows through Szechuan basin.
• Shangai and Wuhan, are the important cities of China lying along the river.

• More than half of the total silk production in China comes from the Yangtse Kiang and Si Kiang deltas.

• About 75% of the Chinese live in fertile river basin of Hwang Ho, Yangtse Kiang.

• It flows through China, Thailand-Laos border, Cambodia and Vietnam over 4,160 km to South China Sea.
• Longest river in South East Asia.
• In Laos, the Mekong forms the western boundary with Thailand.
• Phnom Penh and Ho Chi Minch cities are situated on the bank of river.
• Mekong valley of south Vietnam is devoted to rice cultivation.
• Delta: Arcuate, is (characterised by funnel shaped distributaries, stabled by growth of mangrove vegetation) lying in Vietnam.

• City located : Bangkok
• The principal river of Thailand.
• The river’s delta has rich alluvial soil which is used almost entirely for rice and has very high density of population.

• It flows through China & Shan Plateau (Myanmar) over 2,090 km.
• Longest river of Myanmar.

Tributary : Chindwin

City located : Mandalay

• Major river of the country referred to as the ‘Life lije of Myanmar’
• Central basin between Irrawaddy and Chindwin around Mandalay is very important for wheat and cotton cultivation.
• Delta region of Irrawaddy and Sittang, known as the ‘Rice Bowl of Mayanmar’.

• Brahmputra is called Tsang-Po in Tibet before entering in India.

• It enter Bangladesh near Bhubri.

• In the upper course Alaknanda and Bhagirathi River meet at Devprayag and from Ganga

• One of the world’s largest rivers flow south-eastwards acros the country then drain into Arabian Sea through Attock plains of Pakistan

• These two rivers dominate Iraq and flow south-eastwards across the country then drain into the Persian Gulf via a combined estuary.
• They meet at Shatt-al-Arab in Iraq.

• The principal rivers of Central Asia flow in to the Aral Sea through the semi and depression.