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Subject: India & World Geography
Topic: World Climatic Types

The Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate (Af)

Distribution

• It is found between 5º and 10º north and south of the equator.

• It is dominantly found in the lowlands of the Amazon, the Congo, Malaysia and the East Indies.

Climate

• There is great uniformity of temperature throughout the year.

• The mean monthly temperatures are always around 24 to 27ºC, with very little variation.

• There is no winter.

• The diurnal and annual range of temperature is small.

• Precipitation is heavy between 6o inches and 10 inches, and well distributed throughout the year.

• The double rainfall peaks, coinciding with the equinoxes are a characteristics feature of it.

Natural Vegetation

• It support a luxuriant type of vegetation – the tropical rain forest.

• Amazon tropical rain forest is known as Selvas.

• It comprises a multitude of evergreen trees that yield tropical hardwood, e.g. mahogany, ebony, greenheart, cabinet wood. And dyewoods.

• Lianas, epiphytic and parasitic plants are also found.

• Trees of single species are very scarce in such vegetation.

Economy

• The equatorial regions are generally sparsely populated.

• In the forests, most primitive people live as hunters and collectors and the more advanced ones practice shifting cultivation.

• Some plantation crops are also practiced like natural rubber, cocoa, etc.

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