Subject: Criminology

1. a) Definitions of Criminology by E.H. Sutherland. Michael and Adler. D.R Taft, M.J. Sethana, RS.Cam and Elliot and Merrill.
b) Scope and objective of Criminology.
c) Its relationship with - Sociology, Psychology, Anthropology, Forensic
Science, Penology, Law.
d) Definition of Crime: i) Legal. ii) Sociological, iii) General.
e) Classification .of Crime: i) Indian Penal Code, ii) British Common Law, iii)
Bonger William, Cesser Lambrose, iv) Statistical.
f) Methods of Criminology: i) Case Study, ii) Experimental, iii) Ecological, iv)Statistical. v) Observation.

2. Theories of Criminology: i) Pre-Scientific theories, ii) Classical and Non-Classical School, iii) Cartographic School, iv) Sociologist School. v) Typolotical Schools: a) Lambroso’s mental Testers. b) Psychiatric. vi) Sociological Schools; a)Differential Association theory, b) Multiple factors analysis.

3. a) Criminal-classifications: i) Casare Lambrese, ii) Charles Goring, iii) M.J. Sethana, iv) Scientific classification.
b) Criminal Patterns: i) Professional Criminals, ii) Habitual Criminals; iii) White Collar Criminals, iv) Organised Criminals .
c) De-notified Tribes.
d) Etilogy of Crime: i) Geographical, ii) Physiological, iii) Psychological, iv)Social, v) ‘Economic, vi) Political
e ) Victimology - typology of victims, their problems and factors involved and compensation and restitutions.

4. Criminal Law - General Exceptions: & Explanations
i) Offences against Human body and property under Section 299 to 338 and 341 to 376 and 378 to 402 . I.P.C.
ii) Organisation set-up of Criminal Courts in India, their powers, police powers of arrest, search and seizure and provisions for bail and appeal.
iii) Types of evidences - admissions and confessions and expert evidences.

5. Meaning and historical development of Forensic science and its role in crime detection.

6. Organisation and Functions of
i) Central and State Forensic Science Laboratories.
ii) Central and State Finger Print Bureau.

7. Physical clues:
a) FingerPrints.
i) Principles of dectyloscopy.
ii) Recording of Finger Prints.
iii) Finger Prints patterns.
iv) Types of Chance Prints and their development.
v) Classification of finger prints by Henry’s.

b) Foot Prints:
i) Types
ii) Lifting of Sunken foot prints.
iii) Tracing of surface foot prints.
iv) Walking picture.

c) Hair :
i) Morphology
ii) Difference of Human and Animal hair.
d) Blood:
i) Blood Tests.
ii) Blood grouping.
iii) Body fluids: Urine, Saliva, Semens.

e) Fire Arms :
i) Classification of fire arms.
ii) Identification of Fire arms and ammunitions.

f) Tool marks - Types and examination of tools.
g) Documents:
i) Types.
ii) Examination of Documents.
iii) Eresers, Obliterations, alterations.
iv) Characteristics of Hand written and type written documents.

h) Glass Fractures:
i) Types.
ii) Determination of direction of force.
a) Enpuestt:
i) Police.
ii) Coroners.
iii) Magistrates.

b) Wounds and injuries: Medico -legal importance.
c) Poisons:
i) Classification
ii) Factors modifying the action of poisons.
iii) Routes of administration.
iv) Routes of elimination.

d) Death:
i) Modes.
ii) Signs
iii) Changes after death.

e) Identification of living and dead.
Police Science:
a) Central and State Police Organisation.
b) Powers and duties of Police.
c) Police and Public relations.
d) Crime Preventive Methods:
i) Patroling.
ii) Surveillance.
iii) Collection of intelligence.

e) Registration of Cases:
i) First Information Report
ii) Charge Sheet:
iii) Final Report

f) Methods of Investigation
i) Informers.
ii) Interrogation of suspects.
iii) Instrumentation.
iv) Interviewing of witnesses.
v) Modus Operandi Bureau.
vi) Dog Squad.
vii) Scientific Aid Units.

g) Investigating Officer and his qualities.
h) Scene of Crime:
i) Meaning and importance.
ii) Types.
iii) Examination of scene of crime.
iv) Procedure of handling packing and forwarding physical clues to
experts.

10. i) History of punishments.
ii) Theory of punishment.
ii) Forms of punishment.
iii) Origin and development of Indian prison.
iv) Prison administration.
v) Probation and Parole.

11. Correctional Institutions:
i) Juvenile Home.
ii) Special Home.
iii) Borstal School.
iv) State Homes.
v) Junvenile Service Bureau.
vi) JuvenileClub.
vii) Juvenile Courts.

12. Social Problems: Definition, causes, effects and preventions.
i) Prostitution.
ii) Juvenile Delinquency.
iii) Beggary.
iv) Terrorism.
v) Communal Violence.
vi) Dowry.
vii) Alcoholism and drug addiction.
viii) Suicide.
ix) Environmental Pollution.

13. Concept of normal and abnormal behaviour:
i) Mental Mechanism and criminal behaviour
ii) Mental Disorders and Mental deficiency in relation to criminal
behaviour;
iii) Psychopathic personality.

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