UPSC Mains Law Paper Topic : Nature and
Formation of Contract/e-Contract
- What are the difficulties that arise in the application of the rule the “acceptance must be absolute, and must correspond with the terms of the offer”? (93/II/1a/20)
- “Though offer and acceptance bring the parties together and constitute the outward semblance of contract, yet most systems of law require some further evidence of the intention of the parties and in default of such evidence refuse to recognise an obligation.” Comment upon the above statement and discuss the nature of evidence required to be supplied under the Indian Contract Act. (94/II/6a/30)
- Explain an ‘offer’ and a ‘quotation’ and differentiate between the two. (94/II/5b/20)
- “A contract consists of the actionable promise or promises.” Examine. (96/II/5a/20)
- “Under the law of contract the intention of the parties must be manifested clearly so that their obligations may be demarcated with certainty.” Examine. (97/II/5a/20)
- One of the requirements for formation of a valid contract is free consent. Why then, in some cases of absence of free consent, does it make the contract voidable, not a void agreement? Explain with illustrations. (98/II/7a/30)
- A owes B Rs. 1,000, but the debt is time barred, C signs a written promise to pay B Rs. 500 on account of the above barred debt. Is B entitled to enforce the promise against C? (99/II/5b(ii)/10)
- An offer cannot be accepted after it has been terminated or negatived. ‘Explain (Main) Law—Topic Wise Paper 72 when an offer ceases to be capable to acceptance. (92/II/1a/20)
- “The test of contractual intention is objective, not subjective.” Discuss. (01/II/5a/20)
- “An act done at the promisor’s desire furnishes a good consideration for his promise even though it is of no significance or personal benefit to him.” Discuss. (01/II/5b/20)
- Legal framework of offer and acceptance does not favour protection of consumers interests. Critically examine with illustrations. (02/II/5b/20)
- “In a ‘standard form contract’, it is likely that the party having stronger bargaining power may insert such exemption clauses in the contract that his duty to perform the main contractual obligation is thereby negatived.” Explain, and discuss the various rules which have been evolved to protect the weaker party. (04/II/8b/30)
- “All contracts are agreements but all agreements are not contracts”. Explain. (05/II/5a/20)
- “Insufficiency of consideration is immaterial but an agreement without consideration is void.” Comment. (06/II/5a/20)
- Distinguish an offer from a quotation or an invitation to an offer with the help of illustrations. (06/II/5b/20)
- “For giving rise to a valid contract, there must be consensus ad-idem among the contracting parties.” Explain this statement. (08/II/5a/20)
- ‘An invitation to treat is not an offer’. Explain. (09/II/5a/20) 18. Distinguish between the following, citing relevant provisions/case laws : ‘Specific offer’ and ‘General offer’. (09/II/8b/20)
