In such types of questions a situation would be presented and some courses of action are suggested in the context of those situations. These types of questions are designed to test candidate’s decision making ability. In other words a course of action is ‘a step or administrative decision to be taken for improvement, follow up or further action with regard to the problem on the basis of data provided’. 

To solve these questions, the candidates are advised to keep in mind the following important points:

1. Correct course of action should either lessen the problem or improve the situation created by the problem.
2. Simple problem must have simple course of action and not a complex one which may create more problems than to solve or reduce it.
3. Course of action should be feasible and should relate with the practical aspect of life.

Definition.

152. In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, the expression “State” does not include the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

The Governor

Governors of States.

153. There shall be a Governor for each State:

Provided that nothing in this article shall prevent the appointment of the same person as Governor for two or more States.

Executive power of State.

154. (1) The executive power of the State shall be vested in the Governor and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with this Constitution.

(2) Nothing in this article shall—
(a) be deemed to transfer to the Governor any functions conferred by any existing law on any other authority; or
(b) prevent Parliament or the Legislature of the State fromconferring by law functions on any authority subordinate to the Governor.

Appointment of Governor.

155. The Governor of a State shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal.

Term of office of Governor.

156. (1) The Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the President.

(2) The Governor may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office.

(3) Subject to the foregoing provisions of this article, a Governor shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office:

Provided that a Governor shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office.

Qualifications for appointment as Governor.

157. No person shall be eligible for appointment as Governor unless he is a citizen of India and has completed the age of thirty-five years.

Conditions of Governor’s office.

158. (1) The Governor shall not be a member of either House of Parliament or of a House of the Legislature of any State specified in the First Schedule, and if a member of either House of Parliament or of a House of the Legislature of any such State be appointed Governor, he shall be deemed to have vacated his seat in that House on the date on which he enters upon his office as Governor.

(2) The Governor shall not hold any other office of profit.

(3) The Governor shall be entitled without payment of rent to the use of his official residences and shall be also entitled to such emoluments, allowances and privileges as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such emoluments, allowances and privileges as are specified in the Second Schedule.
(3A) Where the same person is appointed as Governor of two or more States, the emoluments and allowances payable to the Governor shall be allocated among the States in such proportion as the President may by order determine.

(4) The emoluments and allowances of the Governor shall not be diminished during his term of office.

Oath or affirmation by the Governor.

159. Every Governor and every person discharging the functions of the Governor shall, before entering upon his office, make and subscribe in the presence of the Chief Justice of the High Court exercising jurisdiction in relation to the State, or, in his absence, the senior-most Judge of that Court available, an oath or affirmation in the following form, that is to say—

“I, A. B., do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will faithfully

execute the office of Governor (or discharge the functions of the Governor) of .............(name of the State) and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to the service and well-being of the people of ..………(name of the State).”

Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies.

160. The President may make such provision as he thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the Governor of a State in any contingency not provided for in this Chapter.

Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.

161. The Governor of a State shall have the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the State extends. Extent of executive power of State.

Prime Number Series

Example 1. 4, 9, 25, 49, 121, 169,…
(a) 324
(b) 289
(c) 225
(d) 196
Solution. (b) The given series is a consecutive square of prime number series. The next prime number is 289.

According to the syllabus of Civil Services Preliminary Exam CSAT Paper II, some questions may be asked from‘orders of magnitude’. So, the deep study of this chapter is necessary. In this chapter, we study the increasing or decreasing order related to distance, time, area etc.

Distance covered by Akshay = 33500 m

Distance covered by Saroj = 290 hactometre
                                          = 290 × 100 m = 29000 m

Since, distance covered by Ajay and Akshay are maximum and equal. Hence, Ajay and Akshay have maximum speed.

A fatty acid is first warmed with sodium bisulphate and then treated with sodium nitroprusside solution when a greenish­blue colour is produced. The fatty acid is
(a) acetic acid. (b) formic acid.
(c) propionic acid. (d) None of these.

Which of the following acids is present in lemon juice ?
(a) Citric acid (b) Benzoic acid
(c) Tartaric acid (d) Oxalic acid.

The acid present in the stings of bees and wasps is
(a) acetic acid. (b) formic acid.
(c) formalin. (d) formaldehyde.

A primary amine can be distinguished from secondary and tertiary amines by
(a) reaction with methyl iodide.
(b) reaction with acetyl chloride.
(c) carbylamine reaction.
(d) None of these.

The acid manufactured from cellulose is
(a) citric acid.
(b) oxalic acid.
(c) Both (a) and (b).
(d) None of these.

Which of the following statements is incorrect about esters ?
(a) They are colourless liquids with pleasant fruity odours.
(b) They are prepared by refluxing an alcohol with anhydrous acid in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid.
(c) They are hydrolysed on refluxing with dilute alkali in a reaction known as saponification.
(d) They form amines with ammonia.

Which of the following statments is not true about acetamide ?
(a) It is a white crystalline solid, soluble in water.
(b) It can be prepared by slow dehydration of the ammonium salt of ethanic acid.
(c) It is dehydrated by phosphorus pentoxide to form a nitrile.
(d) It reacts with bromine water and warm alkali to form a tertiary amine.

Chlorobenzene gives D.D.T. when it reacts with
(a) chloral. (b) phenol.
(c) naphthalene. (d) benzoic acid.

Chlorobenzene gives phenol when heated with
(a) water. (b) alcohol.
(c) caustic soda. (d) All of these.

Chlorobenzene when heated with chloral and conc. sulphuric acid yields
(a) phenol. (b) benzoic acid.
(c) polythene. (d) D.D.T.

The compounds prepared by Sandmeyer reactions are
(a) phenols.
(b) diazo compounds.
(c) halo compounds.
(d) nitro compounds.

1. The music for the Asiad was ................ by Pt. Ravi Shanker.
(a) demonstrated (b) made
(c) displayed (d) composed

2. The government should provide attractive tax ............. to create the market for quality goods.
(a) adulteration (b) emancipation
(c) creation (d) relaxation

3. The young man lost his way in the forest and found that he had become a/an ........ to the dacoits.
(a) decoy (b) quarry
(c) enemy (d) adversory

4. He sold his property because he was under a lot of .................
(a) loan (b) credit
(c) account (d) debt

5. He is a person of sound character and disposition.
(a) morose (b) beneficent
(c) amicable (d) amiable

6. If negotiations are to prove fruitful, there must not only be sincerety on each side, but there must also be .......... in the sincerety of the other side.
(a) faith (b) belief
(c) certainty (d) substance

7. Judicial decrees may not change the heart, but they can.......the heartless.
(a) transform (b) disarm
(c) subdue (d) regulate

8. He in wearing, the old fashioned coat in spite of his wife’s disapproval.
(a) persists (b) insists
(c) resists (d) desists

9. Many of the advances of civilisation have been conceived by young people just on the of adulthood.
(a) peak (b) threshold
(c) horizon (d) boundary

10. This was the first time Roshan had been found guilty. He had no ....... convictions.
(a) previous (b) former
(c) past (d) earlier

Two circles each of radius 5 units touch each other at (1, 2). If the equation of their common tangent is 4x + 3y = 10, then the centres of the two circles are:
(a) (3, 4), (–1, 0)
(b) (5, 7), (–3, – 3)
(c) (5, 5), (–3, –1)
(d) None of the above

If the curves y2 = 16x and 9x2 + by2 = 16 cut each other at right angles, then the value of b is:
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 9/2
(d) none of these

The lines 2x – 3y = 5 and 3x – 4y = 7 are diameters of a circle of area 144 sq units. Then the equation of this circle is:
(a) x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y = 62
(b) x2 = y2 + 2x – 2y = 47
(c) x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y = 47
(d) x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y = 62

Two vertices of a triangle are (5 – 1) and (–2, 3). If the orthocentre of the triangle is the origin, then co-ordinates of the third vertex are:
(a) (4, 7)
(b) (–4, –7)
(c) (–4, 7)
(d) none of these

A circle is given by x² + y² – 6x + 8y – 11 = 0 and are two points (0, 0) and (1,
8). These points lie:
(a) both inside the circle
(b) both outside and one inside the circle
(c) both outside the cirlce
(d) one on and other inside the circle

Mumbai varsity breaks up coaching fee for MPSC/UPSC students

University of Mumbai announced on Tuesday that only Rs3,000 fee will be charged for MPSC/UPSC coaching. The fee will be taken for preliminary exams initially. The entrance exam form, however, still costs Rs500.

Dr Ambadas Jadhav, head of academy of administrative career, said, "Initially only Rs3,000 will be taken. If someone clears prelims, then Rs5,000 will be charged for further coaching for the main exams. Those who clear mains and go for the interview preparation, need to give Rs2,000 more."

In the November 26 issue, DNA had carried a story, "Mumbai University chases money, opens for profit centre" where it gave details of how city colleges are giving MPSC/UPSC coaching free with the help of UGC grant, while varsity is asking for Rs10,000 from students.” Many students returned from the academy office at Kalina campus, when they were told the fee is Rs10,000.

(Notes Useful in all Interviews conducted by UPSC; Civil Services (Exclusive): GS (CS Pre, CS Mains- Polity, National Affairs, Social Issues) & in optionals like Public Administration, Sociology, Geography (Cultural Geography, Political Geography, Regional Planning), Political Science, Law etc)

Rationale for New Law:

Slum Free India: The Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation (HUPA) Ministry proposed the strengthening of its Slum redevelopment strategy by working towards a slum free India, and assigning property rights to Slum Dwellers, under the Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY). – Poverty Alleviation, Remedies for ill Effects of Urbanisation, Integration with Earlier Schemes

Inclusive Urban Development:  RAY proposes decisive action for inclusive urban development that acknowledges the presence of the poor in cities, recognizes their contribution as essential to the city's functioning, and redresses the fundamental reasons for inequity that ties them down to poverty. – Recognizing Importance of Poor,

Global Practice: The conferment of property title is a new direction for national policy that aligns national approach to the global practice. It sees ownership of property as the best investment in democracy, by creating for the household due space within the formal system, and thereby a vested interest in peace and legal order. – Peace & Legal Order

Reforming Formal System: The Model law is aimed at bringing within the formal system, those who are forced to live in extra-formal spaces and in denial of right to services and amenities available to those with legal title to city spaces, and at correcting the deficiencies of the formal system of urban development and town planning that have failed to create conditions of inclusiveness and equity, so that, henceforth, new urban families, whether by way of migration or natural growth of population, have recourse to housing with civic amenities, and are not forced from lack of options to create encroachments and slums and live extralegal lives in conditions of deprivation of rights and amenities. – Inclusive Growth, Equity, Justice,

Capital Flow: The Model law intends to enable the household to access the formal channels of credit; it draws the entire extralegal economy of slums out of the informal market; it enriches the slum dweller by giving him access to mortgageable rights for housing construction, and the formal economy by enabling a quarter of its population to participate in its growth. – Crushing Informal Markets & thus Black Money Circulation