Current Affairs for IAS Exams - 05 May 2022


Current Affairs for IAS Exams - 05 May 2022

::NATIONAL::  

Sex Ratio at Birth 

  • The Union Territory of Ladakh recorded the highest sex ratio at birth in the country in 2020, followed by Arunachal Pradesh, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Tripura and Kerala, according to the annual report on Vital Statistics based on 2020 Civil Registration System report.

About:

  • Sex ratio at birth is the number of females per thousand males.
  • “Highest Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB) based on registered events has been reported by Ladakh (1104) followed by Arunachal Pradesh (1011), A&N Islands (984), Tripura (974), and Kerala (969),” the report released by the Registrar General of India (RGI) on May 3 said.
  • Lowest sex ratio at birth was reported by Manipur (880), followed by Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (898), Gujarat (909), Haryana (916) and Madhya Pradesh (921).
  • In 2019, the highest sex ratio at birth was reported by Arunachal Pradesh (1024), followed by Nagaland (1001), Mizoram (975) and A&N Islands (965), and the lowest sex ratio was reported by Gujarat (901), Assam (903), Madhya Pradesh (905) and Jammu & Kashmir (909).
  • The report said that the requisite information from Maharashtra, Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi on sex ratio at birth was “not available.”
  • The Sex Ratio (Number of females per thousand males) at birth of registered events is an important indicator to map the sex differential of the population at the beginning of their life. The sex ratio at birth has been calculated after deducting the delayed registration of more than one year for the year 2020.

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76% prisoners are undertrials; ratio is highest in Delhi, J&K

  • Delhi and Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) were found to have the highest ratio of undertrials in jails at 91%, followed by Bihar and Punjab at 85%, and Odisha at 83%.

Key highlights: 

  • According to the latest available data compiled by the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) for 2020, about 76% of all prison inmates in the country were undertrials, of which about 68% were either illiterate or school dropouts.
  • Of the total 4,88,511 prison inmates, 3,71,848 were found to be undertrials. Among the undertrials, about 20% were Muslims, while about 73% were Dalits, tribals or OBCs.
  • About 27% of all undertrials were found to be illiterate, and 41% had dropped out before Class X.
  • While Muslims form 14% of India’s population, they accounted for about 20% of the total undertrials and 17% of all convicts.
  • Dalits, who form 16.6% of India’s population, accounted for about 21% of all undertrials and 21% of all convicts.
  • Tribals, who form 8.6% of India’s population, accounted for about 10% of all undertrials and 14% of all convicts.
  • OBCs, who form 41% of the total population (NSSO data), accounted for about 42% of the total undertrials and 37% of all convicts.
  • According to the data, about 30% of all undertrials remain in jail for over a year while 65% don’t get released before three months.

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::INTERNATIONAL::

Global Report on Food Crises

  • Sixth annual Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC 2022) is released by GlobalNetwork Against Food Crises (GNAFC).

About:

  • GNAFC was founded by the European Union, FAO and World FoodProgramme (WFP) at 2016 World Humanitarian Summit to prevent, preparefor, and respond to food crises and support Sustainable DevelopmentGoal to End Hunger (SDG 2).
  • The UnitedNations defines“acute foodinsecurity” aswhen a person’sinability toconsumeadequate foodputs their lives orlivelihoods inimmediatedanger.
  • It is hunger thatcan lead tofamine andwidespreaddeath.
  • Three main driversfor foodinsecurity are conflict, climate change and economic crises.
  • Grim outlook for 2022 as acute food insecurity is expected to deterioratefurther due to war in Ukraine and its impact on global food, energy andfertiliser prices and supplies.

Way forward: 

  • Need for greater prioritisation of smallholder agriculture as a frontlinehumanitarian response, to overcome access constraints.
  • Achieve food security and improved nutrition using a 3x3 approach.

Cannes Film Market

  • India chosen as first Country of Honour ever at Cannes Film Market.

Key highlights: 

  • India will be the official Country of Honour at the upcoming Marche’ Du Film, organized alongside the 75th edition of Cannes Film Festival, in France. 
  • It is the first time the Marché du Film has an official Country of Honour, and this special focus will continue annually with different nations in the spotlight at future editions.
  • Notably France and India are marking 75 years of their diplomatic ties.
  • India is also a “Country of Honour at the Cannes Next, under which 5 new Start Ups would be given an opportunity to pitch to the Audio-Visual Industry. 

About: 

  • The Marché du Film (literally meaning Film Market) is the business counterpart of the Cannes Film Festival and one of the largest film markets in the world.

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::ECONOMY::

Status of GST compensation dues

  • The Mamata Banerjee administration said slashing State levies on petrol and diesel will be possible only if the Centre clears its outstanding dues of over ₹97,000 crore, which includes compensation for implementing the Goods and Services Tax (GST).

About:

  • The GST regime entailed doing away with multiple State and Central levies to create a simplified tax system for businesses. 
  • As this meant that States had to give up several taxation powers in the process, they were assured that revenue losses will be compensated for five years. 
  • The compensation was to be calculated by assuming a 14% year-on-year growth over revenues in 2015-16 from the State taxes subsumed in GST, and remitted from a compensation cess fund backed by cess levies on sin and luxury goods like pan masala, tobacco, coal and cars.
  • According to the Finance Ministry, outstanding GST compensation dues to States for 2021-22 stood at ₹78,704 crore, equivalent to four months of such accruals.
  • This means that dues have been remitted to States for the eight-month period of April 2021 till November 2021.

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::SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY::

Shigella bacteria

  • Kerala seeks to contain Shigella spread.

About:

  • Shigella is a genus of bacteria that causes an infection called shigellosis.
  • Shigellosis is a gastrointestinal infection caused by one of four species of Shigella bacteria,including S. sonnei.
  • It is second leading cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and third leading cause of death inchildren less than 5 years old.
  • Transmitted through contaminated food or water, or through person-to-person contact.
  • Endemic in most low- or middle-income countries (LMICs).

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