Vigilance paramount: on State's tackling of coronavirus (The Hindu)

Mains Paper 2:Health 

Prelims level: Not much 

Mains level: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health

Context:

• On June 20, a month after 1,00,000 novel coronavirus cases were reported, India crossed a grim milestone of 4,00,000 cases. 
• If it took 13 days to double to 2,00,000 cases, India added another one lakh cases in 10 days on June 12. 
• From a test positivity rate of 4.6% in mid-May, it is 7.9% as on June 21, reflecting a wider spread in the community, particularly in the hotspots — Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai and Ahmedabad. 

 Mortality rate:

• Mortality, which was initially low, has been steadily increasing. It has reached 13,703 deaths as on June 21. 
• The lower mortality figures are a reflection of the low median age (nearly 27 years) of the Indian population. 
• While the low median age has helped keep mortality low, high prevalence of high-risk factors even among younger people might put them at great risk if infected with the virus. 
• The health-care system in Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai and Ahmedabad, already strained, could witness more deaths if the virus spreads unabated. 
• With India now in the unlock phase, this is the time to be most..........................

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 States doing better:

• Kerala, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh have done exceptionally well in containment. 
• If Kerala was fully geared even before the first case was reported, the other two States utilised the early phase of the lockdown to track, test and isolate those infected and trace contacts. 
• Nothing else can explain why Bengaluru has bucked the trend while Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai have become pandemic epicentres. 
• Maharashtra has adopted the correct approach of enhanced testing unmindful of the large number of cases getting reported each day. 
• Aggressive testing enabled Maharashtra to achieve the remarkable feat of containment in Dharavi. 
• In stark contrast, till a few days ago, Delhi had used every trick in the textbook to keep cases and deaths low. 

 States to worry about:

• That fewer cases are reported from Telangana, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar raises suspicion about their testing and counting. 
• Many States have reported migrant workers testing positive on arrival. 
• It is inconceivablethat Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal, which have recorded the most returnees, should not see a spike. 
• Through fever clinics and testing of people with influenza-like illness in certain areas in Chennai that have high spread, Tamil Nadu is making up for lost time. 
• But true containment will remain difficult and will depend on door-to-door surveillance and large-scale testing in these areas. 
• Going by the cases reported, Gujarat seems to be the only place where the virus spreads to a definite number of people every fortnight even when tests are increased incrementally. 

 Conclusion:

• The only way to contain numbers is by not hiding them.
• States have tackled the virus differently, but they must learn from ...............................

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Prelims Questions:

Q.1)With reference to the Vitamin D, consider the following statements:
1. Vitamin D is known to modulate the response of white blood cells, preventing them from releasing too many inflammatory cytokines. 
2. A new study has found an association between low average levels of vitamin D and high numbers of Covid-19 cases and mortality rates across 20 European countries. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer........................

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Mains Questions:
Q.1)How the states have tackled the virus differently, but they must learn from each other? Critically comment.