THE GIST of Editorial for UPSC Exams : 24 JULY 2019 (The complexities of Naga identity (The Hindu))

The complexities of Naga identity (The Hindu)

Mains Paper 2 : Governance
Prelims level : Inner Line Permit
Mains level : Indigenous Inhabitants of Nagaland (RIIN) and its major issues

Context

• The Nagaland government’s move to compile a Register of Indigenous Inhabitants of Nagaland (RIIN) opens up possibilities in the context of the decision to link the register to the Inner Line Permit (ILP) system without a consensus on the definition of an ‘indigenous inhabitant’.

Cutoff date

• Though the official notification on RIIN has not mentioned a cut-off date to compile the proposed register, the authorities in Nagaland have till date issued indigenous inhabitant certificates using December 1, 1963 as the cut-off date.

Opposition from NSCN (I-M)

• The National Socialist Council of Nagalim (Isak-Muivah), which has been engaged in peace talks with the government of India since 1997, has opposed the compilation of RIIN asserting that “all Nagas, wherever they are, are indigenous in their land by virtue of their common history”.
• On June 29, the Nagaland government notified that RIIN “will be the master-list of all indigenous inhabitants” of the State.
• All those to be included will be issued “barcoded and numbered indigenous inhabitant certificates”.
• It added that all existing indigenous inhabitant certificates would become invalid once the process of compiling RIIN is completed and fresh certificates issued.
• RIIN is different from Assam’s National Register of Citizens (NRC) as exclusion or inclusion in RIIN is not going to determine the Indian citizenship of anyone in Nagaland.

Three conditions

• Since 1977, a person, in order to be eligible to obtain a certificate of indigenous inhabitants of Nagaland, has to fulfil either of these three conditions:
• the person settled permanently in Nagaland prior to December 1, 1963;
   
• his or her parents or legitimate guardians were paying house tax prior to this cut-off date; and
• the applicant, or his/her parents or legitimate guardians, acquired property and a patta (land certificate) prior to this cut-off date.
• The compilation of RIIN also involves the complexities of deciding claims in respect of children of non-Naga fathers as well as non-Naga children adopted by Naga parents.

Key Issues

• If the Nagaland government goes ahead with a compilation of RIIN with this cut-off date, then all Naga people who have migrated to the State from the neighbouring States of Assam, Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh and elsewhere in India after this day will have to be excluded.
• The NSCN(I-M) statement adds, “Nothing is conclusive on the Naga issue, until and unless a mutually agreed honourable political solution is signed between the two entities.
• Therefore, any attempt to dilute the final political settlement by justifying any past accord of treasons should be seriously viewed by all Nagas.”
• This clearly indicates the opposition the Nagaland government may have to face if it goes ahead with the move to compile RIIN.

Conflicts

• The Centre and the NSCN (I-M), which is the largest among all armed Naga rebel groups, signed a Framework Agreement in 2015, the content of which has still not been made public, in turn leaving room for speculation on the contentious issue of integration of all contiguous Naga-inhabited areas of Assam, Nagaland, Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh.
• Unless otherwise clarified through an official notification, the proposed linking of RIIN with the ILP system may require large numbers of non-indigenous inhabitants of Dimapur district, more particularly the commercial hub (Dimapur town), to obtain an ILP to carry out day-to-day activities.
• Most of them migrated from other States and have been carrying out trade, business and other activities for decades.
• Migration also explains the higher density of population in Dimapur district (409 persons per sq. km) when compared to all the other districts in the State.
• The ILP is a travel document issued by the government of India to allow a ‘domestic tourist’ to enter Nagaland, and is valid for 30 days.

Key challenges

• While the move to streamline the ILP system to curb the influx of “illegal migration” to Nagaland has been welcomed by civil society, public opinion is still divided on compiling RIIN without a consensus on the cut-off date.
• As the Nagaland government has begun a consultation process on RIIN, it will be under pressure to de-link the work of streamlining the ILP mechanism from the proposed register and put it on hold till the ongoing peace process concludes and the final solution is worked out.

Conclusion

• Besides this, the complexities that may arise in streamlining the ILP mechanism due to non-issuance of domicile certificates or permanent residence certificates to a large number of non-Naga, non-indigenous inhabitants could also make the task even more difficult for the Neiphiu Rio-led Nagaland government.

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Prelims Questions:

Q.1) With reference to the National Broadcasting day in India, consider the following statements:
1. It is observed every year on July 23.
2. On July 23, 1927, the Indian State Broadcasting Service became All India Radio (AIR).

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both
D. None

Answer: A
Mains Questions:
Q.1) The Nagaland govt. will face many hurdles in its quest to compile a list of indigenous inhabitants. In this context what are the key decisions must be taken to address the problem. Comment.