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World Geography General
Europe

Introduction

Latitude : 34051'N to 81047'N

Longitude : 24033'W to 69003'E

Population : 60 corers

Area: 1,04,98,000 sq. km.

Size : Second smallest continent in the world in area, after America.

Situation : Europe is situated between Ural Mountains in the east and the Atlantic Ocean in the west, in the west of Asia, and north of Africa. To the north of Europe lies Arctic Ocean, to the south lies the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and the Caucasus Mountains and to the East Ural Mountains and the Caspian Sea.

Europe and Asia as one common landmass, is known as ‘Eurasia’.

EUROPE : PHYSICAL

Important Gulfs and Bays

NAME	SEPARATES	PART OF SEA OR OCEAN
Gulf of Riga	Estonia and Latvia	Baltic Sea
Gulf of Finland	Finland and Estonia	Baltic Sea.
Gulf of Bothnia	Sweden and Finland	Baltic Sea.
English Channel	Britain and Spain	Atlantic Ocean
Bay Biscay	France and Spain	Atlanic Ocean
Gulf of Lions	Lies to the south of France	Mediterranean Sea.

Important Seas

NAME	LOCATION, (PART OF OCEAN)	RIVERS DRAINING INTO THEM
Mediterranean Sea	Separates Europe from Africa, Strait of Gibralter connects it to the Atlantic Ocean.	Tiber (Italy) Rhone (France) Ebro (Spain)
White Sea	North of Russia, Arctic Ocean	Mezen, N. Divina, and Onega
Baltic Sea North Sea Wide continental shelves of North Sea, called as Dogger Bank is one of the most productive regions for fishing in the world. North sea is connected to the Baltic Sea through Kiel Canal.	Atlantic Ocean East of the United Kingdom, Atlantic Ocean	Vistula and Oder Elbe and Weser (Germany) and Rhine (Netherland)
Irish Sea	Lies between Great Britain and Ireland, Atlantic Ocean.
Adriatic Sea	North east of Italy, Mediterranean Sea	Po (Italy.)
Ionian Sea	Lies between Greece and Italy, Mediterranean Sea.
Balck Sea	Separates Europe from Asia	Dnepr, Dnster, Danube
Sea of Azov	South east of Ukraine, North of Black Sea	Don.
Sea of Marmara	South westof Black Sea	Connects Black Sea and Aegean Sea
Aegean Sea	Lies between Greece and Anatolia Peninsula (Turkey), Mediterranean Sea.

Important Straits

NAME	SEPARATES	CONNECTS
Strait of Gibralter (Known as ‘Key to the Mediterranean’).	Europe and Africa	Mediterranean Sea with Atlantic Ocean.
Strait of Bonifacio	Sardina islands. (Italy) and Corsica (France)	Tyrhenian Sea with Mediterranean Sea.
Strait of Messina	Sicily and Peninsular Italy	Tyrhenian Sea with Mediterranean Sea.
Strait of Otranto	Italy and Balkan Peninsula	Adriatic Sea with Ionian Sea.
Bosporus Strait	Istanbul and Anatolia Peninsula (Turkey)	Black Sea with Sea of Marmara.
Strait of Kerch	Kerch (Ukraine) and Russia	Sea of Azov with Black Sea.
Dardanelles Strait	Balkan Peninsula and Antolia Peninsula	Sea of Marmara with Aegean Sea.

Important Rivers of Europe

Rivers of Italy	Outflow	City Located
Po The principal lowland of Italy is the fertile northern plain formed by the country’s longest river the Po (.652 km) and its tributaries. South West flowing river of Italy	Adriatic Sea	Venice (Italy)
Tiber Delta : Cuspate	Mediterranean Sea	Rome (Italy)
Garrone	Bay of Biscay	Bordeaux
Loire	Bay of Biscay	Nantes.
Seine	English channel	Paris, Rouen, and Le Havre.

NORTH FLOWING RIVERS FROM WEST TO EAST	INFOMATION
Onega, N. Dvina, and Mezen	Flows through European Plain into theWhite Sea.

SOUTH EAST FLOWING RIVER	SOURCE	OUTFLOW	CITY LOCATED
Volga (Europe’s longest river, 3,690km)	Valdas Plateau	Caspian Sea	Saratov, Volgograd
Don	Tula (Black Sea)	Sea of Azov Rostov.
Dnepr	Valdai Hill	Black Sea	Kiev, Dnepropetrovsk
Dnester	--	Black Sea	--
Danube If flows in Middle Europe through Austria, Slovakia Hungary and the northern part of Yogoslavia and Romania. It is the only river in the world which touches or corsses right countries.	Black Forest (Germany)	Black Sea	Black Sea Linz, Viena , Budapest, Belgrade

Important Mountains

MOUNTAIN VESUVIUS

A volcanic mountain lying in Neples (Italy.)

APPENNINES

Mountain chain extending from the western Alps to the southern tip of mainland in Italy.
An example of limestone hillls, which is well known for wine (Asti) in piedmont district of Italy.

VOSGES

Lies in France and separate it from Italy.
An example of Block mountain.

ALPS

Lies in the south-eastern part of France and separates it from Italy.
Mount Blanc (4,807 m) is the highest peak of Alps, lies in France.
The Alps acts as giant watershed in Switzerland.

MOUNT ETNA

A volcanic mountain of Sicily (Italy.)
Example of parasitic volcanic cone.

DINARIC ALPS

Lies along the north-east coast of Adriatic Sea.

CARPATHIAN

Runnin in northwest-southeast direction in the countries of Poland, Ukraine and Romania.

BALKAN

Runs in east-west direction in Bulgaria.

PINDUS

The barren limestone chain, runnine north west-southeast and rising to 2,500 m.
Constitutes the principal mountian chain of Greece.

URAL

Average height between 500 and 800 m.
Forms the natural boundary between Asia and

CAUCASUS

Lies to the north of Georgia, Azerbaijan.
Separates Asia from Europe.
Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus is the highest mountain peak of Europe.

BLACK FOREST

Block mountain of Germany.

MOUNT STROMBOLI

An example of composite volcanic cone.
Known as the ‘Light house of the Mediterranean’.

Important Peninsulas

NAME	INFORMATION
Iberian Peninsula or Spanish Plateau	Surrounded by Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean.
Balkan Peninsula Kola Peninsula	Surrounded by Black Sea, Aegean Sea, and Adriatic Sea. Consist of Bulgaria, Macedonia, Albania and Greece. Surrounded by White Sea and Arctic Ocean in Russia.