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Current Affairs for IAS Exams - 13 September 2022

::NATIONAL::

The Ministry of Women and Child Development has written to State governments, asking them to immediately implement the revised adoption rules requiring adoption orders to be passed by District Magistrates (DMs) instead of courts with effect from September 1.

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The instructions come despite concerns raised over jurisdiction of DMs in civil matters such as inheritance and succession, as well as delays likely to be caused in cases where the court has already passed orders since September 1 or is likely to pass them shortly after having spent several months on the proceedings.
There are concerns that the Centre has also not yet notified Adoption Regulations, 2022 detailing the process to be followed by the DMs.
Parliament passed the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Amendment Bill, 2021 last year in order to amend the Juvenile Justice Act (JJ Act), 2015.
These authorise District Magistrates and Additional District Magistrates to issue adoption orders under Section 61 of the JJ Act by striking out the word “court”.
This was done in order to ensure speedy disposal of cases and enhance accountability.

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The President said that the thinking and methodology of ‘New India’ is to make India a leading nation of the world. India has set an example to the world in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic.
The policy of ‘New India’ to move forward with confidence is also visible in the field of TB eradication.
According to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, all nations have set the goal of eradicating TB by the year 2030. But the Government of India has set the target of eradicating TB by the year 2025 and efforts are being made at every level to fulfill this resolution.

Key initiatives under the abhiyan:

Ni-kshay 2.0 initiative: It is an upgraded version of Ni-kshay which is a web enabled application, which facilitates the monitoring ofuniversal access to TB patients’ data by all stakeholders.
Ni-kshay Mitra: Enables people to adopt tuberculosis patients and take care of their nutritional, additional diagnostic, andvocational needs.

The 77th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) will open on 13 September 2022 at the UN Headquarters in New York, in the first in-person format since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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It is also expected to hold negotiationstowards a global pandemic treaty (GPT).
In December 2021, World Health Assembly(WHA) agreed to start a global process todraft the pandemic treaty.

Advantage of GPT:

Early detection and prevention ofpandemics.
Resilience and response to any futurepandemics, in particular by ensuringuniversal and equitable access to medicalsolutions, such as vaccines, medicines anddiagnostics.
Focus on the “One Health” approach,connecting the health of humans, animalsand the planet.
Ensure higher, sustained and long-termpolitical engagement at global level.

Indo-Pacific Economic Framework ministerial summit concludes in Los Angeles recently.

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The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF), is a U.S.-led economicgrouping of 14 countries in the Indo-Pacific region which make up over 40% ofthe global GDP.
The member state are US, Australia, Brunei, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea,Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Fiji, and Vietnam.
The grouping is intended to counter the aggressive and non-transparenttrade and economic policies of China in the Indo-pacific.
Members are required to sign up to all of the components within a module, butdo not have to participate in all modules.
India has chosen to opt out from joining the trade pillar only as it isapprehensive of the possibility of binding conditionalities on matters likelabour and public procurement.

Four key pillars:

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will soon prepare a ‘whitelist’ of all legal applications (apps) that offer loans, and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) will ensure only these apps are hosted on app stores.

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Expressing concern over increasing instances of illegal loan apps, Finance Ministry has madefollowing decisions:
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to prepare ‘whitelist’ of all the legal loan Apps, ensure registration ofpayment aggregators within a timeframe and monitor mule and rented account that may beused for money laundering.
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology will ensure that only whitelist Apps arehosted on App Stores.

According to a recent study by ICMR, efficacy of Imipenem – a wide spectrum antibiotic – intreating disease-causing E. coli (Escherichia coli)bacteria dropped steadily from 86% in 2016 to 64% in 2021.

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E. coli are a large and diverse group of bacteria that are found in environment, foods, and intestines of people and animals.
Although most strains of E. coli are harmless, others can make you sick.
Some kinds of E. coli can cause diarrhea, while others cause urinary tract infections,respiratory illness and pneumonia, and other illnesses.