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(Syllabus) Maharashtra PSC: Physics : Revised Syllabus for State Services (Main) Examination (Optional)
Maharashtra PSC: Physics : Revised Syllabus for State Services (Main) Examination (Optional)
Physics (Code No : 606) Paper - I
Standard : Degree
Total Marks : 200
Nature of Paper : Conventional Type
Duration : 3 Hours
Note :
1) Answers to this paper must be written in English only
2) This paper will test the candidate’s ability to comprehend, to analyse, to
interpret, to criticise and to appraise the subject matter related to the
topics/sub topics mentioned below.
3) For judging candidates’ conceptual understandings, appropriate numbers of
numerical problems will be asked.
4) It is expected from candidates to study the latest and recent developments
and happenings pertaining to the topics/sub topics mentioned below.
Section - A ( Marks : 50 ) Classical Mechanics and Properties of Matter
1) Laws of motion, motion in a uniform field, components of velocity and
acceleration in different coordinates systems. Uniformly moving co-ordinate
system, non-inertial coordinate system, centripetal acceleration. Motion in a
central force field, Kepler laws of motion. Gravitational law and field.
Potential due to a spherical body, Gauss and Poisson equation for gravitational
self-energy.
2) System of particles, definition of center of mass, equation of motion, conservation of linear and angular momenta, conservation of energy, single-stage and multistage rockets, elastic and inelastic collisions.
3) Elasticity, small deformations, Hooke’s law, elastic constants for an isotropic solid, beams supported at both the end, cantilever, torsion of a cylinder, bending moments and shearing forces.
4) Kinematics of moving fluids, equation of continuity, Euler’s equation. Bernaulli’s theorem, viscous fluids, streamline and turbulent flow. Poiseulle’s law. Capillary tube flow, Reynolds’s number, Stoke’s law.
5) Surface tension and surface energy, molecular interpretation of surface tension. Pressure on a curved liquids surface.
Section - B ( Marks : 50 ) Special Theory of Relativity, Waves and
Acoustics.
6) Special Theory of Relativity : Michelson-Morley experiment and its
implications, Galilean and Lorentz transformations-length contraction, time
dilation, addition of velocities, mass-energy relation, limit on velocities by
linear forces.
7) Waves : Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance. Beats. Stationary waves in a string. Phase and group velocities. Waves in liquid and gases, longitudinal and transverse waves.
8) Acoustics :
1) Noise and Music: Limits of human audibility, intensity
and loudness, bel and decibel, principle of a sonar system, sound ranging.
Applied acoustics: transducers and their characteristics. Recording and
reproduction of sound.
2) Measurements of frequency, waveform, intensity and
velocity. The acoustics of halls, reverberation period, Sabine’s formula Noise
pollution, its measurements. Ultrasonics- production, detection and applications
of ultrasonic waves.
Section - C ( Marks : 50 ) Optics
9) Interference: Interference of a light: the principle of superposition,
two-slit interference, coherence requirement for the sources, optical path
retardations, and lateral shift of fringes. Localized fringes; thin films,
Newton’s rings.
10) Interferometers : Haidinger fringes, Fringes of equal inclination.
Interferometer, its application for precision determination of wavelength
difference, Twymann-Green interferometer and its uses. Intensity distribution in
multiple beam interference, Fabry-Perot interferometer.
11) Diffraction : Fresnel half-period zones, zone plates, diffraction at
straight edge, rectilinear propagation. Fraunhofer diffraction, diffraction at a
slit, the intensity distribution, diffraction at a circular aperture and a
circular disc, resolution of images, Rayleigh criterion, resolving power of
telescope and microscope.
12) Diffraction gratings : Diffraction at N parallel slits, intensity
distribution, plane diffraction grating reflection grating and blazed grating,
dispersion and resolving power of a grating, concave grating and different
mountings, resolving power of prism.
13) Polarization : Production and detection of linearly and circularly
polarized light, double refraction, in uniaxial crystal, Quarter and half wave
plates, rotation of plane of polarization, origin of optical rotation in liquids
and in crystals, Sacharimeter.
Section - D ( Marks : 50 ) Kinetic theory, Thermodynamics, Statistical
Physics and Atmospheric Science
14) Kinetics theory : Kinetics theory of gases, assumptions, kinetic energy
estimations RMS speed of molecules, Avogardro hypothesis, equi-partition of
energy, Brownian motion, specific heat of gases, Real gasses: Van der Waal’s
model, equation of state, nature of Van der Waal’s forces, critical constants,
Joule Thomson cooling, liquification of gases.
15) Thermodynamics : Laws of Thermodynamics, Reversible and irreversible
change Carnot cycle & it’s efficiency, Carnot’s theorem, entropy, principle of
increase of entropy, Thermodynamic scale of temperature.
16) Statistical Physics : Maxwell’s distribution, experimental
verification. Distinction between rms and most probable speed values, Quantum
statistics, Bose Einstein and Fermi Dirac statistics & their applications to
liquids helium, free electrons in metals, thermionic emission, photon and
blackbody chamber, Bose Einstien condensation.
17) Atmospheric Science : Neutral atmosphere, temperature variation in
different atmospheric layers, ionosphere, magnetosphere, hydrostatic
equilibrium, scale height, ozone layer and its depletion, atmospheric pollution,
green-house effect.
Paper - II
Standard : Degree
Total Marks : 200
Nature of Paper : Conventional Type
Duration : 3 Hours
Note:
1) Answers to this paper must be written in English only
2) This paper will test the candidate’s ability to comprehend, to analyse, to
interpret, to criticise and to appraise the subject matter related to the
topics/sub topics mentioned below.
3) For judging candidates’ conceptual understandings, appropriate numbers of
numerical problems will be asked.
4) It is expected from candidates to study the latest and recent developments
and happenings pertaining to the topics/sub topics mentioned below.
Section – A ( Marks : 50 ) Electricity, Magnetism and Electromagnetics
1) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics :
1) Laplace and Poisson equations in electrostatics and
their applications, energy of a system of charges, multipole expansion of scalar
potential, method of images and its applications, potential and field due to a
dipole, force and torque on a dipole in an external field.
2) Dielectrics, polarization, solutions to boundary-value
problems-conducting and dielectric spheres in a uniform electric field. Magnetic
shell, uniformly magnatised sphere, ferromagnetic materials, hysterisis, energy
loss.
2) Current Electricity : Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications,
Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law, Lenz’s law, self and mutual
inductances, Mean and rms values in AC circuits, LR CR and LCR circuits series
and parallel resonance, Quality factor. Principal of transformer.
3) Electromagnetic theory : Displacement current and Maxwell’s equations.
Wave equations in vacuum, Poynting theorem, Square wave guides, reflection and
refraction at the boundary of two dielectrics, Fresnel’s relation, normal and
anomalous dispersion, Rayleigh scattering.
Section – B ( Marks : 50 ) Quantum Mechanics
4) Origin of the quantum theory :
1) Failure of classical physics to explain the phenomena
such as blackbody spectrum, Rayleigh Jeans and Wien’s law, Planck’s radiation
law, photoelectric effect. Wave-particle duality.
2) de Broglie’s hypothesis for matter waves; Evidence for
diffraction and interference of ‘particles’, experimental demonstration of
matter waves, Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation, gamma ray microscope,
uncertainty in energy and time.
5) Schrodinger’s equation :
1) Schrodinger’s time independent and time dependent
equation, operators, expectation values, probable current density, reflection
and transmission at step potential and at rectangular potential barrier,
particle in a box, one dimensional linear harmonic oscillator.
2) Schrodinger’s equation in central force field, Hydrogen
atom, quantum numbers, angular momentum.
Section – C ( Marks : 50 ) Atomic, Molecular Physics, Lasers and Nuclear
Physics
6) Atomic Physics : Bohr’s theory of Hydrogen atom, Hydrogen spectrum, Stern
and Gerlach experiment, spectral terms, doublet fine structure, spectra of
alkali elements, selection rules, Lamb shift in hydrogen spectrum. Singlet and
triplet fine structure in alkaline earth spectra L-S and j-j couplings. Pauli
principle, Zeeman effect and Paschen Back effect in one valence electron atoms.
7) Molecular Physics : Discrete set of electronic energies of molecules,
Quantisation of vibrational and rotational energies, types of molecules based on
moments of inertia, rigid diatomic molecule, non rigid rotator, Intensity
distribution in rotational levels, diatomic molecule as a harmonic and
anharmonic oscillator, Rotation-vibration spectra. Born-Oppenhimar
approximation, Raman effect, Classical and Quantum mechanical treatments.
8) Lasers and fibre optics : Monochromoticity, directionality, intensity and
coherrence of laser beam, Einstien’s A & B coefficients, Induced emission,
Conditions for lasing, Ruby, Helium-Neon laser, CO2 laser, Applications of laser
in medical treatment, isotope separation, LIDAR technique, Optical fibres,
attenuation, pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres.
9) Nuclear Physics : Basic nuclear properties : size, binding energy,
angular momentum, parity, magnetic moment, Semi-empirical mass formula and
applications, Mass parabolas, Ground state of a deuteron, Salient features of
nuclear forces.
10) Nuclear Models and elementary particles : Liquid drop model, shell
model of the nucleus-success and limitations, Alpha decay, Gieger Nuttal
relation, Beta decay, violation of parity, Gamma decay and internal conversion,
Nuclear reactions, Q values, compound nucleus model, Nuclear fission and fusion,
energy production in stars, Nuclear reactors, Classification of elementary
particles.
Section – D ( Marks : 50 ) Solid State Physics, Solid State devices,
Electronics and Space Science
11) Crystal structure and materials : Crystal structure; periodicity,
lattices and bases, fundamental translation vector, unit cell, primitive cell,
lattices type, lattice planes, common crystal structures. Laue’s theory of X-ray
diffraction, Bragg’s law, Laue patterns, Band structure, electrons in periodic
potential; energy bands, energy gap, distinction between metal semiconductor and
insulator, Magnetic moment, magnetic susceptibility, Dia, Para and
Ferromagnetism, ferromagnetic domains, hysteresis.
12) Semiconductors : Intrinsic semiconductors, electrons and holes, Fermi
level, Temperature dependences of electron and hole concentration, Doping;
impurity states, n and p type semiconductors, conductivity, mobility, Hall
effect, Hall coefficient, Semiconductors devices:
p-n junction, majority and minority carriers, solar cell.
13) Electronics : Diode as a circuit element, Load line concept,
rectification, ripple factor, Zener diode, LED, Shottkey diode, voltage
stabilization, characteristics of transistor in CB, CE and CC mode, graphical
analysis of the CE configuration, low frequency equivalent circuits,
h-parameters, bias stability, IC voltage regulation.
Field effect transistor : JFET volt-ampere curve, biasing JFET, ac
operation of JFET, source follower, Depletion and enhancement mode, MOSFET,
biasing MOSFET, FET as variable voltage register, digital MOSFET circuits,
Digital electronics, Boolean identities, De Morgan’s laws, logic gates and truth
tables.
14) Space Science : Near earth orbiting satellites, remote sensing and
remote sensing satellites, their application for resource surveys and
management. Geostationary satellites, communication, GPS system.