(FREE) UPSC Current Affairs 2024 PDF

(GIST OF SCIENCE REPORTER) Soil to soil -In the true spirit of a circular economy

(July-2023)

Biochar from rice husks can benefit Indian farmers by conserving resources and nutrients and improving profitability in rice cultivation.

Rice is a staple food for millions worldwide, with India as the second largest producer. India produces over 110 million tonnes of rice paddy annually, which is a significant income source for many farmers. West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Punjab account for almost 40% of total
Rice harvest produces 20% organic waste, like rice husk. For every 110 million tonnes of rice, 22 million tonnes of husk need to be

Rice husk in India has many uses, including cattle feeding, fueling kilns and furnaces, and as a raw material for chemicals. It can also be used in metalworking and building materials.
Burning rice husk is harmful and wasteful. It should be viewed as a valuable resource instead of being disposed of in landfills or
Rice husk has low nutritional value for cattle but can be repurposed for energy, wastewater treatment, and the adsorption of
Theoretically, 22 million tonnes of rice husk can generate 25 TWh of electricity annually and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Biochar improves soil, reduces fertiliser and water usage, and increases crop productivity. It’s made from organic waste heated in an oxygen-limited environment. Its effectiveness depends on soil type, biomass, climate, crop species, and pyrolysis
Biochar production can reduce indoor air pollution and improve fuel efficiency by producing biochar and heat energy for cooking on small or large
Reducing LPG use and deforestation can improve social sustainability. Research shows 25% less cooking time benefits mothers and women, giving them more time for family, community, education, and income.
Biochar reduces methane emissions in rice fields by creating unfavourable conditions for methane-producing bacteria, improving soil aeration, and increasing the oxidation of methane to biogenic carbon
Biochar in composting boosts aeration, nutrient retention, and Mixing biochar in a 1:4 ratio with poultry litter compost can reduce nitrogen losses.
Adding biochar to soil can be expensive, but mixing it with composted manure or minerals can still provide benefits, according to research in Vietnam.
To adopt biochar, consider its impact on the environment, health, society, and economy. In North Vietnam, biochar production costs around US $118 per ton, which farmers find beneficial.
Replace forestry residues with crop residues to support small farmers and save money. Biochar can boost rice production in