(Current Affairs) Important Points Of HRD-Human Resource Development

• The higher education System in India at present comprises 504 university and university-level institutions which include 243 state universities, 53 state private universities, 40 central universities.

• At the commencement of the 11 the Five Year Plan, there were 19 Central Universities, 7 Indian Institutes of Technology (UTs), 20 National Institutes of Technology (NITs), 4 Indian Institutes of Information Technologies (IIITs), 2 Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (USERs), 6 Indian Institutes of Management (UMs) and 1 School of Planning & Architecture (SPA), apart from few other centrally funded educational institutions.

• In 2007-08 the share of university & higher education and technical education was 11.83% and 5.33 respectively of the total expenditure on education.

• The share of technical education has increased from 3.8% in 2006-07 to 5.33% in 2007-08.

• At the beginning of the academic year 2009-2010, the total number of students enrolled, in the formal system, in the Universities and Colleges has been reported at 136.42 lakhs. This enrolment translates into a Gross Enrolment ratio of about 12.9%. While the world average of the Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education is 26.7%, the average of the developed countries is 57.7% and that of the developing countries is 13%. Thus, many more universities and colleges will need to be opened to improve the Gross Enrolment Ratio to a respectable level.

• In case the GER in higher education is to increase to 30% by 2020, either the capacity of existing institutions has to be increased by approximately 200% or the number of institutions has to be increased additionally by double the number of existing institutions

• The Yashpal Committee and also the National Knowledge Commission (NKC) have dealt with various issues affecting the higher education system in the country and both have suggested definite framework for improvement by way of institutional as well as policy reforms. One of the main suggestions is establishment of an overarching regulatory body, namely National Commission on Higher Education and Research, which would subsume the functions of existing regulatory institutions like University Grants Commission (UGC), All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) and National Council for Teacher's Training.

• Based on the recommendations and suggestions of the YCR and NKC, the central government has initiated the process for (i) establishment of educational tribunals; (ii) to provide for prohibition of certain unfair practices in technical and medical educational institutions and universities, (iii) to provide for mandatory accreditation of higher educational institutions and to create a regulatory authority for the purpose and (iv) to provide for regulation of entry and operation of foreign educational institutions. In addition, a Task Force constituted by the Ministry of Human Resource Development has developed a framework for the establishment of National Commission for Higher Education and Research

• Indian economy in terms of purchasing power parity with an equivalent GDP of US$ 3.666 trillion is the fourth largest economy in the world after USA, China and Japan. In US Dollar Terms, it is the twelfth largest in the world, with a GDP of US $719.8 billion.

• The Indian economy is expected to expected to grow with more than or about five percent growth till 2050 as projected by BRIC Report (2003).

• According to the Eleventh Five Year Plan Document, only 2% of existing workforce in India has skill training, while the corresponding figures are 96%, 80% and 75% respectively for Korea, Japan and Germany.

• As per the 2001 census India has a BPL population of roughly 260 million and 300 million school dropouts in the age bracket of 6 to 16.

• In this country with the youngest population, nearly 13 million people enter the market every year.

Initiatives taken by the government of India:-

Coordinated Action on Skill Development:-

• Coordinated Action on Skill Development is the major initiative for achieving 11 the Plan objective of inclusive growth through coordination and harmonization of skill development initiatives of different players. The action aims at creation of a pool of skilled manpower with adequate skills that meet the employment requirement across various sectors of the l1ational economy.

The main functions of the Council are:-

• To lay down overall policy objectives, financing and governance models and strategies relating to skill development.

• To review the progress of schemes, and guide on midcourse corrections, additions and closure of parts or whole of any particular programmed / scheme.

• Coordinate Public Sector private Sector Initiates in a framework of a collaborative action.

• The Council has set a target of creating 500 million skilled persons by 2022 with emphasis on inclusion so as to deal with divides of gender, rural/urban, organized/unorganized, employment and traditional contemporary work place.

National Skill Development Corporation:-

• The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC); a non profit company under Section 25 of the companies Act, has been set up under the Ministry of finance it has an equity base of Rs 10 crore which 49% is contributed by the Govt. and 51 % by the private sector.

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