Analogy means ‘Similar items’. There is three types of Analogy
(a) Number Analogy
(b) Letter Analogy
(c) Word Analogy

In questions based on analogy, a pair of numbers/letters/words is given that have certain relationship between them. This pair is followed by a third numbers/letters/words. The candidate is required to identify the relationship between the pair of numbers/letters/words given and find out the FOURTH numbers/letters/wore such that the relationship between the third and the fourth numbers/letters/words is similar to the relationship that exists between the first and the second numbers/letters/words.

Typical relationships between the numbers in a given pair can be any of the following :

• One number is a multiple of the other.
• One number is the square or square root of the other.
• One number is the cube or cube root of the other.
• The two numbers can be consecutive, even, odd or prime numbers.

Example 1: 3 : 81 : : 6 : ?
(a) 1296
(b) 1269
(c) 1692
(d) 1926

Solution. (a) n : n4 relation here (3) and (3)4 = (81)
Similarly, (6) and (6)4 = 1296

Example 2: Find the missing term 10 : 100 : : ? : 121
(a) 10
(b) 11
(c) 12
(d) 13

Solution. (b) Square of first term is the second term.
102 = 100, so 112 = 121

The questions based on letter analogy are similar to number analogy. Here, the questions are based on the relationship between two groups of letters on each side of the sign : : . Normally, three pairs of letters are given followed by a question mark where the fourth pair of letters is supposed to come.

Example 3 : Find the missing term : YWZX : USVT : : MKNL : ?
(a) IGGH
(b) IGJH
(c) IGJJ
(d) IGHH

Solution. (b) Alphabets are used in reverse order. In the first term, the order of alphabet is 2, 4, 1 and 3 and in the second term, the order is 6, 8, 5 and 7. So, the missing term is IGJH.

Example 4 : ? : I K M O : : Q S U W : YA C E
(a) ACEG
(b) ADEG
(c) ACDG
(d) ADDG

Solution. (a) In each group, one letter is skipped between every two consecutive letters. So, the missing term will be ACEG.

In word analogy questions there is a certain relationship between the two given words on one side of ’ : : ’ and one word is given on the other side. Students are asked to find the correct alternative that has same relationship with that word.

Example 5 : Sailor : Ship : : Lawyer : ?
(a) Legal
(b) Law
(c) Court
(d) Ruling

Solution. (c) ‘Sailor’ works at ‘Ship’, similarly ‘Lawyer’ works at ‘Court’.

Example 6: Love : Hate : : Create : ?
(a) Make
(b) Renovate
(c) Destroy
(d) Building

Solution. (c) ‘Hate’ is just opposite of ‘Love’. Similarly, ‘Destroy’ is just opposite of ‘Create’.

© UPSCPORTAL.COM