(Report) 2nd Administrative Reforms Commission : Public Order

Contents :

Chapter 1 Introduction - Public Order, National Security, 1

Economic Development and Social Harmony

Chapter 2 Public Order: A General Perspective 5

2.1 Public Order 5
2.2 Some Grave Public Order Problems 8
2.3 Causative Factors of Major Public Order Problems 18
2.4 Lessons from the Past 20
2.5 The Need for Comprehensive Reforms 23

Chapter 3 The Existing Police System 27

3.1 The Police Organisation 27
3.2 People’s Perception of the Police 31
3.3 Declining Conviction Rate 32
3.4 Problems in the Existing Police Functioning 32
3.5 Review of Recommendations for Police Reforms in the Past 35
3.6 Reforms in Other Countries 54

Chapter 4 Core Principles of Police Reforms 61

4.1 Responsibility of the Elected Government 61
4.2 Authority, Autonomy and Accountability 62
4.3 Disaggregation and Deconcentration 64
4.4 Independence of Crime Investigation 66
4.5 Self-esteem of Policemen 68
4.6 Professionalisation, Expertise and Infrastructure 68
4.7 Attendant Criminal Law Reform 69
4.8 Police to be a Service 70

Chapter 5 Police Reforms 72

5.1 Organisational Structure of the Police of the Future 72
5.2 Police Accountability Mechanism - Balancing Autonomy and  Control 76
5.3 Competent Prosecution and Guidance to Investigation 94
5.4 Local Police and Traffic Management 98
5.5 The Metropolitan Police Authorities 101
5.6 Reducing Burden on Police - Outsourcing Non Core Functions 103
5.7 Empowering the ‘Cutting Edge’ Functionaries 104
5.8 Welfare Measures for the Police 107
5.9 Independent Complaints Authorities 108
5.10 An Independent Inspectorate of Police 114
5.11 Improvement of Forensic Science Infrastructure - 115
 Professionalisation of Investigation
5.12 Strengthening Intelligence Gathering 117
5.13 Training of the Police 119
5.14 Police and Human Rights 120
5.15 Community Policing 122
5.16 Gender Issues in Policing 123
5.17 Crime against Vulnerable Sections 125
5.18 National Security Commission 129
5.19 Union-State and Inter-State Cooperation and Coordination 131

Chapter 6 Maintaining Public Order 134

6.1 Public Order Management 134
6.2 Accountability of Public Servants Charged with  Maintaining Public Order 148
6.3 The Executive Magistrates and the District Magistrate 149
6.4 Capability Building of Executive Magistrates 154
6.5 Inter-Agency Coordination 155
6.6 Adoption of Zero Tolerance Strategy 157

Chapter 7 Reforms in the Criminal Justice System 159

7.1 Role of the Criminal Justice System 159
7.2 Measures Taken in the Recent Past 161
7.3 Facilitating Access to Justice - Local Courts 163
7.4 Using Information and Communication Technology (ICT)  to Modernise the Indian Courts 166
7.5 Reforms in Investigation 169
7.6 Prosecution 187
7.7 Trial 187
7.8 Classification of Offences 202
7.9 Sentencing Process 204
7.10 Prison Reforms 206
7.11 Amendment to Criminal Laws 210

Chapter 8 Constitutional Issues and Special Laws 212

8.1 Should Public Order be Included in the Concurrent List? 212
8.2 Obligation of the Union and the States 215
8.3 Federal Crimes 223
8.4 Organised Crimes 228
8.5 Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 235
8.6 The Communal Violence (Prevention, Control and 242
 Rehabilitation of Victims) Bill, 2005

Chapter 9 Role of Civil Society, Media and 245

Political Parties in Public Order 9.1 Role of Civil Society 245
9.2 Role of the Media in Public Order 246
9.3 Role of Political Parties 248
Conclusion 250
Summary of Recommendations 253

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