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(GIST OF KURUKSHETRA) SKILLED FARMERS: BRIGHT FUTURE OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE

(DECEMBER-2024)

SKILLED FARMERS: BRIGHT FUTURE OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE

Introduction

For centuries, India has been rooted in agriculture, yet its farmers are frequently perceived as untrained laborers or uneducated individuals. Historically, however, ancient Indian agricultural practices demonstrated sophisticated scientific techniques and extensive knowledge.

Historical Background

(i) Ancient Wisdom

Sage Parashar Rishi penned Krishi Parashara (2000 years ago), presenting scientific equations for planting, irrigation, and crop production.
His text, Krishi Kandam, is acknowledged in a research study from the University of Massachusetts.
Surpala contributed Vriksh-Ayurveda, previously referenced in Varahamira’s Brihat Samhita.
Acharya Chanakya expounded on methods for managing agricultural products and livestock.

(ii) Influence of Invasions

The onset of foreign conquerors and subsequent British dominion disrupted agricultural science: Excessive taxation, famine, and exploitation relegated agriculture to a mere subsistence activity for the impoverished.
Innovation and investment dwindled, leading to a disconnect among farmers from productivity and experimentation.

(iii) Post-Independence Green Revolution (1960s)

Aimed at addressing population growth, hunger, and poverty.
Science was integrated into agriculture, emphasizing chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and subsidies to boost output.
Contemporary Challenges (Green Revolution Consequences):
Soil degradation caused by chemicals.
Groundwater depletion.
Climate change effects diminishing productivity.
Farmers not securing fair compensation for their crops.

Necessity for Skilled Farmers in Contemporary Agriculture

To ensure food security, sustainability, and prosperity, equipping farmers with skills is essential.

(i) Technological Advancements

The incorporation of automation, data analysis, and precision farming necessitates skilled farmers.
Farmers must grasp how to use technology to fully harness its benefits.

(ii) Sustainable Practices

To mitigate climate change, farmers should adopt: Regenerative methods, Agroecology, Eco-friendly farming approaches.

(iii) Filling Skill Gaps

Despite progress, many farmers remain dependent on traditional techniques.
Skill enhancement can resolve farmers’ lack of insight into challenges and opportunities.

(iv) Job Creation

Agriculture is often seen as a necessity rather than a career option.
Skill development can optimize: Work productivity on farms. Inclusion of landless farmers in meaningful agricultural labor.
Outcomes: Enhanced farmer earnings and increased employment capacity within agriculture.

Government Initiatives for Skill Development in Agriculture

(i) Programs and Schemes:

Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP)
National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM)
PM Formalization of Micro Food Processing Enterprise (PMFME)
Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM)
National Beekeeping and Honey Mission

Capacity-Building Platforms

Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA):
Encourages decentralized, farmer-centric extension systems.
Facilitates technology demonstrations through Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs).

Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE)

Role of Agri-Startups and Private Sector

As of December 31, 2023, there are 2,800 active agri-startups.
Agri-startups connect farmers with technology, boosting skills and productivity.
There is a necessity for collaboration between the government and private sector to ensure sustainable farmer development.

Agricultural Research Infrastructure

India possesses a robust framework for agricultural research:

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR): 97 institutes
Agricultural Universities: 53
National Research Centers: 18
Project Directorates: 25
All-India Research Projects: 89

Conclusion

The transformation of India's agriculture hinges on empowering farmers to utilize technology, innovation, and sustainable methods. Cooperation between the government and private sector, alongside a formidable research infrastructure, will illuminate the future of Indian agriculture.