(FREE) UPSC Current Affairs 2024 PDF

(The Gist of Science Reporter) Applications Based On Nanotechnology [DECEMBER-2019]

(The Gist of Science Reporter) Applications Based On Nanotechnology

[DECEMBER-2019]

Applications Based On Nanotechnology

Carbon nanotubes are used in products ranging from paints and textiles to medical diagnostic tools and components of a future quantum computer because they have remarkable properties such as very high elastic strength alongside low mass density or very high current densities with no heat loss.
Graphene is used in transparent electrodes for solar cells. LCD, robust non-volatile atomic switches, chemical and biological sensors and in spintronic devices.
Semiconducting nanowires are highly versatile optoelectronic components for a wide variety of applications such as polarisation-sensitive photodetectors and arrays with subwavelength resolution; optical modulators and nano-waveguides, nano-LEDs and nano-lasers, solar cells and biomedical sensors.
Nanowhiskers on clothes create a cushion of air around the fabric so that liquids cannot stain them.
Nanoparticles of silver embedded into fibres have anti-microbial action.
Silver nanoparticles are incorporated in apparel, footwear, paints, wound dressings, appliances, cosmetics and plastics for their antibacterial properties.
New and cheap solar cells use nanoparticles of titanium oxide coated with dye molecules to capture the energy of visible light and convert it into electricity.
Special filters using nanomaterials can remove objects as tiny as viruses from water.
Nanoenhanced paints can reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide in the atmosphere; addition of nanoparticles makes paint scratch proof, easy cleaning, air purifying, UV resistant, water repellent, flame resistant and anti-bacterial.
A novel catalytic nanosheet form of a nickel molybdenum-nitride, a thousand times cheaper than traditional platinum, is the new model for harvesting hydrogen from water for use as fuel.
Adding a little boron to carbon while creating nanotubes produces solid, spongy, reusable blocks that can absorb large quantities of oil spilled in water.
Nanoenhanced construction ceramics such as floor and wall tiles and sanitary ware have self-cleaning, anti-bacterial, hygienic and scratch resistant features.
Nanoenhanced cement obtained by addition of nanoparticles like nano silica (silica fume), nanostructured metals, CNTs and carbon nanofibres gives stronger, more durable, self-healing, air purifying, fire resistant, easy to clean and quick compacting concrete.
Nanotechnology based smart windows have energy-saving, easy cleaning, UV controlling and photovoltaic properties.
Addition of tamed silica nanoparticles makes glasses fire resistant.
Nanotechnology can facilitate different forms, insulation solutions like coatings, vacuum insulated glazing, and nanofoams.