(GIST OF SCIENCE REPORTER) GENOME-EDITED RICE VARIETIES

(JUNE-2025)

In May 2025, India released the world’s first genome-edited rice varieties—DRR Dhan 100 (Kamala) and Pusa DST Rice 1.

Development and Technology: The genome-edited rice varieties were developed using CRISPR-Cas12 technology, allowing precise editing of the plant’s own genes without introducing foreign DNA. This method differentiates genome editing from traditional genetic modification.
Developed by ICAR, these high-yielding, water-efficient, and climate-resilient varieties mark a major step toward sustainable agriculture and food security.
Regulatory Framework: India has exempted certain genome-edited crops (specifically SDN1 and SDN2 categories) from stringent biosafety regulations, facilitating faster development and deployment.

DRR Dhan 100 (Kamala)

Shorter Maturation: Matures in 125–130 days, approximately 20 days earlier than its parent variety.
Higher Yield: Produces more grains per panicle, leading to increased overall yield.
Resource Efficiency: Requires less water and fertilizers, contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

Pusa DST Rice 1

Stress Tolerance: Exhibits enhanced tolerance to drought and salinity.
Yield Improvement: Demonstrates a 9.66% to 30.4% increase in yield, especially in saline and alkaline soils.

Regulatory and Ethical Issues

Public Awareness: Educating stakeholders about the safety and benefits of genome-edited crops is essential to gain public trust.
Intellectual Property: The use of patented technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 may raise concerns about accessibility and affordability for farmers.

Environmental Considerations