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(GIST OF SCIENCE REPORTER) International Artificial Intelligence treaty

(OCTOBER-2024)

The first legally binding international Artificial Intelligence (AI) treaty was recently signed by the European Union members, the U.S. and Britain.

The treaty that was drafted over the past 24 months by more than 50 countries adopts a risk-based approach to the design, development, use, and decommissioning of AI systems. It covers the use of AI systems in the public sector including companies acting on its behalf and in the private sector, and will be applicable across geographies.
Signatories will be accountable for “any harmful and discriminatory outcomes of AI systems”, and will ensure that “outputs of such systems respect equality and privacy rights, and that victims of AI-related rights violations have legal recourse”.
The treaty comes at a time when sovereign governments and smaller multilateral groups have come up with new regulations and agreements to oversee AI tools, including the G7 pact on AI (October 2023), Europe’s AI Act, and Bletchley Declaration signed by 28 countries (November 2023).
The AI Convention mainly focuses on the protection of human rights of people affected by AI systems and is separate from the EU AI Act, which entered recently.

The EU’s AI Act entails comprehensive regulations on the development, deployment, and use of AI systems within the EU internal market.
The new rules establish obligations for providers and users depending on the level of risk from artificial intelligence

It does not contain provisions for punitive sanctions such as penalties or fines.
Compliance is primarily ensured through “monitoring”, which is not much of a deterrent from an enforcement point of view.
There are a few exemptions in the scope of applicability of the Framework Convention, such as national security and research and development.