(GIST OF SCIENCE REPORTER) ISRO’s Semicryogenic Engine Test

(JUNE-2025)

ISRO’s Semicryogenic Engine Test

Context:

Recently, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully conducted a short-duration hot test of its semicryogenic engine at the ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC) in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu.

Key highlights:

Test Configuration: The test involved the Engine Power Head Test Article (PHTA), which includes all engine systems except the thrust chamber.
Duration and Performance: The engine was ignited and operated for 3.5 seconds, reaching up to 60% of its rated power level, demonstrating stable and controlled performance.
Objective: The test aimed to validate the engine’s start-up sequence and assess the performance of critical subsystems, including low-pressure and high-pressure turbo pumps, pre-burner, and associated control systems.
Future Plans: Further qualification tests are scheduled to comprehensively validate the engine system, paving the way for its integration into ISRO’s launch vehicles.

Significance

Enhanced Launch Capabilities: The semicryogenic engine, utilizing a Liquid Oxygen (LOX) and Kerosene propellant combination, is designed to replace the current L110 core liquid stage of the LVM3 rocket. This upgrade is expected to increase the payload capacity from 4 tonnes to 5 tonnes in geostationary transfer orbit (GTO).
Environmental and Operational Advantages: The use of non-toxic and non-hazardous propellants offers better performance and environmental benefits compared to existing propulsion systems.

Strategic Importance:

Developing indigenous semi cryogenic propulsion technology positions India among a select group of nations with advanced rocket engine capabilities, enhancing its competitiveness in the global space market.